किसानों को लाभ

Figs can be cultivated in all types of climates. But figs are mostly cultivated in hot and dry climates. Fig plants can be grown in any type of soil, but loamy soil is considered better. There should also be a provision for drainage in the fig field so that in case of excess water, the water can be irrigated.

What should be the suitable climate and temperature for fig cultivation?

Fig cultivation requires a dry climate. Fig cultivation can be done better in areas with less rainfall. The fig crop becomes ripe in summer. The fig crop requires a temperature of about 25-30 degrees to be ready. Frost falling in winter is harmful to the fig crop.

How to prepare the field for the fig harvest?

If the fig plant is planted properly then it bears fruits for 40-50 years. That is why before cultivating figs, farmers should plow the field properly so that the remains of the first crop do not remain in the field. Plow the field at least twice, after that cow dung manure can also be used for more productivity in the field.

 Also read: The government of India is providing 50 percent subsidy for fig cultivation on barren land.

After this, leave the field empty for a few days, and let it get sunlight, after that when the field starts looking crumbly, apply manure and fertilizer again. By doing this the fertility of the field will increase. After this, plow the field with a rotavator and then level the field by raking it. By doing this there will be no problems like filling and stagnation of water in the field.

How to plant fig plants in the field?

After leveling the field, pits are prepared in it. These pits are 2 feet wide and 1 foot deep. These pits are prepared at a distance of 5 meters. These pits are filled with a mixture of cow dung and chemical fertilizers. By doing this the plant also grows and the fertility of the field also remains maintained. 

After planting the plant in the pit, add 1.5 cm of soil and give medicine to the plant. It is considered better to cultivate figs mostly in August and July.

Diseases affecting fig crops.

Although there are very few diseases in fig cultivation, sometimes due to excessive rainfall it gets affected by pests. These insects eat the leaves of the plants and affect their growth.

Also read: Farmers in this state are earning profits worth lakhs from fig cultivation

Irrigation of fig plants.

Fig cultivation does not require much water; water is applied only when the temperature is high. Also, it requires very little water even in winter, it is watered at an interval of 20-25 days. That is why figs can be grown even in areas with less water.

Weeds grown in fig crop.

In fig cultivation, weeds start appearing after a few months which can damage the crop. That is why farmers do weeding and weeding in the fields from time to time. So that weeds can be removed from the field. For this, farmers can also use pesticides.

Ripening of fig fruits.

The ripening color of this fruit depends on the variety of fig because there are many varieties of fig. The fig fruit becomes very soft when ripe. Use gloves to break the fig fruit, as a kind of milk comes out when the fig fruit is broken. If it gets applied anywhere on the body, it can also cause skin-related diseases. After plucking the fruit, fill a vessel with water and put it in the water. 

Also read: Pomegranate Farming Info in Hindi

Figs are mostly cultivated in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh. Fig trees give fruits for a long time, figs are also the main source of increasing income. Figs also help in keeping the body fit. Fig cultivation can be done by farmers at very low cost and more profits can be earned from it. Farmers can also grow different varieties of figs for more production.

 For banana cultivation, it is necessary that the temperature be between 13-40 degrees Celsius. In winter, when the minimum temperature goes below 10 degrees Celsius, then the flow of fluid inside the banana plant stops, due to which the growth of the banana plant stops and many types of disorders start appearing, the main of which is throat choking. When a banana is exposed to low temperatures at the time of flowering, the bunch becomes unable to properly emerge from the pseudostem. For this, chemical reasons can also cause "choke", such as calcium and boron deficiency can also cause similar symptoms. The front part of the inflorescence comes out and the basal part gets stuck in the virtual stem. 

Hence, it is called throat choking. The bunch sometimes takes 5-6 months to reach maturity. Plants in which the fruit bunch fails to emerge or emerge, or is abnormally twisted. In banana cultivation, cold has a significant impact on plant health and productivity. Bananas, being tropical plants, are more susceptible to cold damage when exposed to low temperatures. Bananas, being tropical plants, are more susceptible to cold damage when exposed to low temperatures. Due to cold, the growth, development, and overall yield of plants are affected.To effectively manage cold damage in banana cultivation, it is necessary to understand the causes, and symptoms and implement preventive and corrective measures. 

Due to a cold injury.

Bananas are sensitive to temperatures below ten degrees Celsius. Frost damages banana plants, affecting the leaves and stems. Cold wind increases cold stress by increasing the rate of heat loss from the plant.

Also read: Symptoms of deficiency of potash, the most important nutrient for banana cultivation, and techniques to manage it. 

Symptoms of cold injury.

Discoloration of leaves: Leaves turn yellow or brown in color. 

Cell damage: The formation of ice crystals causes damage to plant cells.

Stunted growth: Cold stress slows plant growth and development.

Preventive Measures.

Site selection: Choose a well-drained site with good aeration.

Windbreak: Install a windbreak to reduce the impact of cold winds. 

Mulching: Apply organic mulch around the base of plants to maintain the soil warmth. 

Irrigation: Wet heat retains heat better than dry soil; Ensure proper irrigation. 

 Cultural (agricultural) measures.

Proper Pruning: Remove damaged or dead leaves to promote new growth. Fertilizer: Maintain optimal nutrient levels to strengthen plants against cold stress. Water management: Avoid overwatering, as waterlogged soil can increase frost damage. It is important to remember that banana is a crop that requires an adequate supply of water, it has to be optimally distributed throughout the year (at least 10 cm per month). It is necessary for the soil of the banana field to always remain moist during the winter season. 

Also read: Farmers cultivating bananas should pay attention, otherwise problems may increase: Scientists

Corrective measures.

Pruning damaged tissue: Prune affected leaves and stems to encourage new growth.

Frost cloth: Covering plants with frost cloth can protect them during cold weather.

Heating equipment: In extreme cases, using a heater or heat lamp can avoid injury. 

Relief from stress after cold.

Plant Health Monitoring: Regularly assess plants' recovery progress. Nutrient boost: Use a fertilizer rich in potassium and phosphorus to promote recovery. Before the onset of winter, light plowing of the banana plantation and application of 1/4th of the recommended quantity of fertilizers also reduces the severity of this disorder significantly. Patience: Allow enough time for plants to recover naturally. In the agricultural climate of Bihar, we have seen that banana orchards start looking burnt in winter but by March and April, our orchards start looking good again.

Research and Technical solutions.

Cold-resistant varieties: Develop and cultivate enhanced cold-resistant banana varieties. We have observed that tall banana varieties are more tolerant to cold than dwarf varieties.

Also read: Farmers should cultivate bananas of Cavendish Banana Group, after earning huge profits they will forget to grow paddy and wheat.

 Even Forecast: Use advanced weather forecasts to predict and prepare for cold weather. The best time to plant tissue culture bananas in Bihar is from May to September. Even Forecast: Use advanced weather forecasts to predict and prepare for cold weather. Applying this has a very bad effect on its cultivation. The biggest principle behind this is that bananas should never flower in winter because due to extreme cold in winter, the growth of the bunch is not good and sometimes the bunch is not able to come out of the virtual stem properly. In bananas prepared from tissue culture, flowers start appearing in the 9th month, whereas in bananas planted from suckers, bunches appear in the 10-11th month. Genetic Engineering: Research is needed to study genetic modifications to increase cold tolerance in bananas.

Conclusion.

Effective management of cold damage in banana cultivation involves a combination of preventive, corrective, and research-based strategies. Farmers should adopt a holistic approach considering site selection, cultural practices, and technological advances to protect the banana crop from the harmful effects of cold stress. By implementing these measures, growers can ensure the sustainability and resilience of banana cultivation in areas with cold temperatures.