गेहूं की खेती

Due to seasonal changes, pests and diseases affecting the standing wheat crop can cause a lot of trouble. Farmers should deal with it by taking the right steps at an appropriate time otherwise the entire crop may go to waste.

Presently wheat crop is grown in the fields. Continuous changes are being seen in the weather. Sometimes it rains and sometimes cold wave continues to wreak havoc, hence due to changes in weather, pests and diseases affecting the standing wheat crop can cause a lot of problems. Farmer brothers should deal with it by taking the right steps on time otherwise the entire crop may go to waste. There is not just one type of disease in wheat but different types of diseases. Farmers are advised to maintain and monitor their crops regularly.

Mahu or Lahi

Mahu or Lahi insects are black, green, and brown with wings and wingless. Its infants and adults suck the juice from leaves, flowers, and earrings. Due to this, there is huge damage to the crop and the crop gets ruined. Let us tell you about the advice given by scientists to save the crop from the attack of this insect.

Also read: Know how to cultivate yellow mustard?

Sow the crop on time.

Do not use insecticides if the number of ladybird wasps is sufficient.

Apply a yellow noose or sticky substance on a yellow tin sheet and make it stand in the field with the support of wood. Flying Lahi will stick to it.

Spray 50 grams of Thiomethoxam 25 percent WG per hectare or Quinalphos 25 percent EC in 2 ml per liter of water.

Harda disease

According to scientists, the possibility of attack and spread of this disease increases due to drop in atmospheric temperature after rain in this season. Brown and yellow spots are found on the leaves and stems of wheat plants. Preventive measures should be taken as soon as the environment becomes favorable for this disease.

Select disease-resistant varieties at the time of sowing.

Before sowing, seed treatment should be done with 2 grams of Carbendazim 50 percent soluble powder or 5 grams of organic fungicide per kilogram of seeds.

Also read: Mustard crop diseases and their prevention measures

As soon as a suitable environment for the fungus is created in the standing crop, spray 2 kg of Mancozeb 75 percent soluble powder, 500 ml of Propiconazole 25 percent EC per hectare, or 1 ml of Tebuconazole EC per liter of water.

Alternaria Blight

Due to Alternaria blight disease, spots are formed on the leaves, which later turn yellow and scorch the edges. To control this disease, spray 2 kg of Macozeb 75 percent soluble powder or 2 kg of Geneve 75 percent soluble powder per hectare.

Kidney disease

In Kalika disease, the black dust of fungus fills the ears in place of the grains. Even a healthy ear gets infected due to fungal spores falling in the air. This is a seed-borne disease. Farmer brothers should keep these things in mind to prevent this disease.

Also read: Farmers producing wheat must be aware of these diseases.

Sow disease-free seeds.

-Sow the seeds after treating them with Carbendizing 50 soluble powder at the rate of 2 grams per kilogram.

-Carefully cover the infested ear along with the grain with a plastic bag and destroy it after cutting.

-Do not use diseased farm produce as seeds.

The Bihar government has set up a 24-hour call center for the convenience of farmers. Here farmers can get solutions to their problems by contacting toll-free number 15545 or 18003456268.

Wheat is sown beginning from October. Wheat farming may be profitable if all aspects of the process, from seeding to harvesting, are done correctly.

As we all know, the Kharif season is currently underway. After harvesting this season's crops, farmers will begin seeding Rabi season crops. Wheat is one of the key Rabi crops, therefore farmers may increase productivity by keeping a few things in mind. India has achieved significant progress in wheat production during the previous four decades. Wheat output has climbed from 12.26 million tonnes in 1964-65 to a record high of 107.18 million tonnes in 2019-20. To ensure food and nutritional security for India's population, wheat output and productivity must be increased on a constant basis. India's population is expected to reach 1.4 billion by 2025.The predicted demand for wheat by 2025 is roughly 117 million tonnes. To attain this aim, new technologies will need to be created. Testing novel kinds with high fertility can help attain optimum output capacity.

Major Wheat producing states in India

For your reference, the northern Ganga-Indus plains are India's most fertile and high-producing wheat areas. In reality, the largest wheat-producing states in this region include Delhi, Rajasthan (save for the Kota and Udaipur divisions), Western Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand's Terai region, Jammu and Kathua districts of Jammu and Kashmir, and Una district of Himachal Pradesh. Ponta valley is included. Wheat is grown on over 12.33 million hectares of land in this area. Wheat production amounts to around 57.83 million tonnes.The average wheat production in this area is 44.50 quintals per hectare. At the same time, by implementing the recommended wheat technologies in front-line wheat demonstrations held on farmers' fields, a yield of 51.85 quintal/hectare may be reached. In recent years, superior wheat cultivars HD 3086 and HD 2967 have been seeded extensively in this area. However, to replace these types, high-production and disease-resistant cultivars such as DBW 187, DBW 222, and HD 3226 have been widely promoted.

Also read: How farmers may increase wheat yields by managing the crop properly.

Use these HYV seeds for high yield

The selection of varieties is a crucial choice in wheat agriculture since it determines how much will be produced. New disease-resistant cultivars with great production capacity should constantly be chosen. For irrigated and timely planting, use DBW 303, WH 1270, and PBW 723; for irrigated and late sowing, use DBW 173, DBW 71, PBW 771, WH 1124, DBW 90, and HD 3059. At the same time, the HD 3298 cultivar has been found for seeding across longer distances. The WH 1142 cultivar may be used for restricted irrigation and timely seeding. Sowing timing, seed rate, and the proper amount of fertiliser. Using cow dung manure at the rate of 4-6 tonnes/acre during field preparation 15-20 days before planting wheat enhances the fertiliser power of the soil.

Sowing is done with zero tillage and turbo happy seeder.

In the paddy-wheat cropping system, planting wheat with zero tillage is a practical and useful practice. After paddy harvesting, wheat is seeded without ploughing using a zero till drill machine, taking use of the land's stored moisture. Where paddy is harvested late. This machine is proven to be really useful there. This gadget is quite beneficial even in water-logged locations. This is the most effective and efficient technique of managing paddy crop residues. This type of wheat planting produces an equivalent or greater yield than traditional sowing while also preventing crop fall.By retaining crop leftovers on the surface, moisture is kept in the root zone of the plants for a longer period of time, thus temperature increases have no negative effect on production and weeds are decreased. Irrigation management is crucial in wheat agriculture.

The need for proper irrigation for wheat cultivation.

Let us tell you that a wheat crop takes five to six irrigations to get maximum productivity. Irrigation should be done based on water availability, soil type, and plant demands. The wheat crop's life cycle is divided into three stages: adventitious roots (21 days), initial node formation (65 days), and grain production (85 days), all of which require watering. If there is enough water for irrigation, the first irrigation should be done on the 21st day, followed by five irrigations spaced 20 days apart. New irrigation systems, such as the sprinkler or drip method, are also particularly effective for wheat farming.

They have been used in poorly irrigated locations for quite some time. However, even in water-rich places, water may be saved by using these methods. It is also possible to obtain good productivity. The Central and State governments also offer funds in the form of subsidies for these irrigation systems. Farmer brothers should use these systems to fulfil their national responsibility for irrigation water management.

As we all know, the month of October will start after a few days. The sowing of Rabi crops starts in October. In such a situation, if you are a farmer then this is important news for you. Today we are telling you about sowing of such wheat crop, in which you will earn four times more profit at less cost.

India is called an agricultural country because 70% are farmers here. Different types of crops are grown in different parts of India. New experiments are being carried out from time to time to ensure better production of crops and increase the income of farmers, due to which farmers are adopting new varieties of farming. The time for harvesting Kharif crops has arrived. Now farmers have started preparing for the Rabi crop. In such a situation, today we are telling you about the sowing of black wheat in the Rabi crop, in which farmers will earn more profit at less expense.

Specialty of black wheat cultivation

If you are a farmer and want to sow such crops that yield more profits at less cost. In such a situation, you should cultivate black wheat in the Rabi season i.e. October-November. The specialty of this farming is that its cost is also low and it is sold at four times higher price than normal wheat.

Also read: How farmers can get good yield by timely management of wheat crop.

How is black wheat sown?

The months of October and November are most suitable for cultivating black wheat. There should be plenty of moisture for the cultivation of black wheat. During its sowing, use 60 kg DAP, 30 kg urea, 20 kg potash, and 10 kg zinc per acre in the field. Before irrigation of the crop, apply 60 kg urea per acre for the first time.

Irrigation of black wheat

Irrigation of black wheat is done 21 days after sowing. After this, keep irrigating from time to time according to the moisture. Be sure to irrigate at the time of earbud formation.

What is the difference between ordinary wheat and black wheat?

Black wheat contains high amounts of anthocyanin pigments. Because of this, it appears black. The amount of anthocyanin in it is 40 to 140 ppm. But, white wheat contains only 5 to 15 ppm.

Also read: Is your wheat crop also getting affected by this disease? Do pay attention to the symptoms.

What are the benefits of black wheat?

Anthrocyanin, i.e. natural anti-oxidant and antibiotic, is found in abundance in black wheat, which is successful in eliminating diseases like diabetes, mental stress, knee pain, anemia, heart attack, and cancer. Black wheat has many medicinal properties, due to which it is in great demand in the market and its price is also high.

Apart from increasing the income of farmers, black wheat cultivation is also very beneficial for health. The health benefits of consuming black wheat are it provides relief to many diseases like cancer, sugar, blood pressure and various other diseases. The main reason for this is that various types of nutrients are present in black wheat. Black wheat has been produced for many years. Additionally, black wheat contains a variety of nutrients. These nutrients include vitamins, minerals, zinc, calcium, iron, potassium, amino acids, copper, antioxidants, fiber and protein etc. 

All these nutrients are present in abundance in black wheat. And black wheat is also considered a complete grain. If a person consumes chapati made from black wheat, he is completely free from diabetes, blood pressure, heart patients, cancer, sugar and many other diseases. In India, black wheat cultivation is mostly in the north-eastern states. This variety gives maximum profit to the farmers in wheat cultivation. 

Benefits of consuming black wheat 
What are the cardiovascular benefits?

If you consume products made from black wheat, you will have significantly less risk of heart disease. Because it helps in maintaining normal cholesterol levels in the body.

Also read : This Rabi season farmers can earn money by growing black wheat

Consumption of black wheat is beneficial in diabetes

Black wheat anthocyanin intensely improves blood sugar and metabolism of diabetic patients. If diabetic patients consume black wheat products regularly, it will prove to be very beneficial for them.

Black wheat is very good for cancer patients

A research on black wheat has revealed that it has anti-cancer properties, which protect health from DNA damage. Also, it prevents cancer cells from spreading.

The top five improved wheat varieties developed by Indian agricultural scientists are Shriram 303 wheat variety, GW 322 variety, Pusa Tejas 8759 variety, Shri Ram Super 111 wheat, and HI 8498 variety capable of giving production up to 81 quintals per hectare. Also, all these varieties become ripe in 100 to 120 days. To get more profit from wheat cultivation, farmers should choose improved varieties of wheat so that farmers can harvest maximum produce in less time and sell it in the market.

 Besides, agricultural scientists also prepare new varieties of crops as per time. In this series, today we have brought information about the top five improved varieties of wheat developed by Indian agricultural scientists for the farmers of the country, which ripens in 100 to 120 days. Also, these varieties give a yield of 81 quintals per hectare. They are the Shriram 303 wheat variety, GW 322 variety, Pusa Tejas 8759 variety, Shriram Super 111 wheat, and HI 8498 variety.

The top five improved varieties of wheat are as follows

HI 8498 Variety

HI 8498 variety of wheat has been developed by the scientists of Jabalpur Agricultural University. With this, farmers can achieve production up to 77 quintals per hectare. Also, this variety becomes fully ripened in 125-130 days.

Also read: Resistance varieties of wheat developed by agricultural scientists got an award.

Shriram 303 Variety of wheat

This variety of wheat gets ripe in the field in a time interval of 156 days. Its average yield is about 81.2 quintals per hectare to the farmers. This Shriram 303 wheat variety is a yellow, brown, and black rust-resistant variety.

GW 332 Variety

This variety of wheat ripens only under 3-4 irrigations. Indian farmers can get a yield of about 60-65 quintals from GW 322 varieties of wheat. The entire crop of this variety gets fully ripe in about 115-125 days.

Also read: Heatwave will not be able to wreak havoc on crops, solution found through a new variety of wheat. 

Pusa Tejas 8759 Varitey

Pusa Tejas' variety of wheat ripens in a time interval of 110 to 115 days. Let us tell you that this variety of wheat has been developed at the Agricultural University of Jabalpur. With this, farmers can get a yield of about 70 quintals per hectare.

Shri Ram Super 111 Wheat

This improved variety of wheat is extremely beneficial for the farmers because this variety can be easily produced even on barren land. Farmers can get a yield of about 80 quintals per hectare from Shriram Super 111 wheat. Also, with this variety, farmers can get a yield of up to 30 quintals/hectare on barren land. This variety of wheat ripens within 105 days.

After rice, wheat is one of the most important crops grown in India. Wheat is sown in the Rabi season. But for the production of wheat farmers have to go through a lot of difficulties. Mainly farmers have to face losses due to different plant diseases in the wheat crop. There are different types of diseases that wheat crop can catch but the disease that harms the most are rust related diseases. Rust diseases are of three types mainly brown rust,  black rust and yellow rest.

Leaf rust/ Brown rust

Mustard and wheat cultivation is mostly done in the Rabi season in India. Wheat Cultivation requires four to six irrigations. Therefore farmers should irrigate wheat on scheduled time to increase the yield of wheat. If farmers irrigate wheat on time, then a great yield can be achieved by it. Along with this, what should be taken care of while irrigating. Farmers must also know about this.

It is generally seen that many farmers sow wheat. However, they do not get an expected yield. At the same time, if farmers pay special attention to irrigation along with sowing of wheat, then they get better production. Wheat is a crop that requires a lot of water. However, by using advanced methods of irrigation, a lot of water can be saved in it. Also, spectacular production can also be achieved.

Water consumption in wheat crop 

When the wheat crop will be irrigated, it depends on the amount of soil moisture. If the weather is cold and moisture in the land remains intact, irrigation can be done with delay. On the contrary, if the land is dry, then quick irrigation is required. At the same time, if the weather is hot then plants need more irrigation. In such a situation, irrigation should be done from time to time so that the amount of moisture in the ground remains and the plants can grow better. For a great yield of wheat, its crop requires 35 to 40 cm of water. Farmers can fulfil this at different scheduled times.

Also read: Wheat sowing is completed, government prepared, purchase will start from March 15

Irrigation for wheat crop

In general, 4 to 6 irrigation in wheat crops is quite favourable. It requires 6 to 8 irrigation in sandy land. Light irrigation should be done in sandy soil, which requires 5 to 6 cm of water. Also, deep irrigation is required in heavy soil. In this, farmers should irrigate 6-7 cm. All this irrigation should be done in different stages of wheat plant, so that more benefits can be achieved.

Pusa agricultural scientists have put an advisory for the farming of wheat in rabi season. In which they pointed out that those farmers with 21-25 days wheat crops should go with first irrigation within the upcoming 5 days.  After 3-4 days of irrigation, second fertilisers should be put in. According to agricultural scientists, considering the temperature, farmers are advised to sow the late wheat crops as soon as possible. Sowing rates to be kept 125 kilograms of seeds per hectare. It's advanced species are HD 3059, HD 3237, HD 3271, HD 3369, HD 3117, WR 544 and PBW 373.

Must do seed treatment 

Before sowing seeds should be treated with bavistin @1.0 gram or thiram @2.0 gram per hectare. For your knowledge, in farms infected with termites, chlorpyrifos (20 ec) @5.0 litres per hectare should be spread with paleva or in dry farms. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilisers to be kept is 80, 40 and 40 kilograms per hectare. 

Rarefaction of mustard crops must be done on priority.

Weed control and rarefaction should be done in lately sown mustard crops. Considering fall in average temperature, mustard crops should specially be taken care of for white rust disease. Rotten/fermented dung and potash fertilisers must be used before sowing onion crops in prepared farms in this season. Potatoes and tomatoes are more prone to blight disease because of heavy moisture in the air. That's why, look carefully for crops. In case of symptoms, spray 2gram dithane-M-45 in per litre of Water. 

Farmers should check regularly for leaf feeding insects 

For your interest, farmers who have prepared a nursery of tomato, cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. They can show their plants considering the weather. Cauliflower and cabbage family plants should specially be taken care of leaf feeding insects. If they are in large numbers, then spray BT @1 gram per litre of water or sponosade medicine @1.0 ml per 3 litres of water. In this weather, farmers must get rid of weeds with the help of weeding-hoeing practice. Vegetable crops should be irrigated and then fertilisers should be put in.

How farmers should manage stubble remains 

Farmers are advised not to burn the remains (stubble) of kharif crops(paddy). This results in polluting the environment too much. The smog produced by this does not allow complete sunlight to reach crops and farms. It affects the photosynthesis and evaporation in plants which leads to low food production in plants. It also affects the amount of produce and quality of produce. Farmers are advised to mix or dig the remaining paddy stubble in soil, it increases the fertility of soil.