बाग

Within India, bananas are grown in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. The areas affected by Panama Wilt disease are Katihar and Purnia districts of Bihar, Faizabad, Barabanki, Maharajganj of Uttar Pradesh, Surat of Gujarat and Burhanpur district of Madhya Pradesh.

Banana is cultivated on a large scale in India. Also, the country is one of the largest banana producers in the world. India is known for the cultivation of various banana varieties, including the popular Cavendish banana as well as other regional varieties such as Robusta, Grand Neine, and Poovan. Each variety has its distinct characteristics. In such a situation, if something happens to the banana crop, it directly impacts the income of the farmers. Additionally, Panama Wilt disease has emerged as a new problem for banana farmers across the country. This disease is ruining their crops worth lakhs. 

Panama Wilt Disease

It is a fungal disease. Due to this infection, the banana crop can be completely ruined. Panama wilt is caused by a fungus called Fusarium wilt TR-2, which stunts the growth of banana plants. If we look at the symptoms of this disease, the leaves of the banana plant turn brown and fall. Additionally, the stem also starts rotting. It is considered a very fatal disease, which destroys the entire banana crop. This is a disease caused by fungus, which in the last few years has been seen in many countries of the world including Africa, Taiwan, America, Australia besides India. This disease has destroyed the banana crops of the farmers there. Presently this disease has become a cause of trouble for the farmers of India for some years. 

Also read: Farmer left his job in Switzerland and started banana farming, today the turnover is Rs 100 crore

How to prevent Panama Wilt disease

Regarding the prevention of Panama Wilt disease, this disease can be treated through the collective efforts of scientists and farmers. Scientists say that no effective medicine has been found yet for Panama Wilt disease. However, scientists at CISH have created a drug called ISAR-Fusicant. Farmers of Bihar and other states have benefited greatly from the use of this medicine. CISH has been trying to save farmers' banana crops for the last three years. For this reason, efforts are being made to deliver this medicine to farmers across India.

Panama Wilt disease has affected these states

In our country India, banana is produced in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh. The districts affected by Panama Wilt disease are Katihar and Purnia of Bihar, Faizabad, Barabanki, Maharajganj of Uttar Pradesh, Surat of Gujarat and Burhanpur of Madhya Pradesh. In such a situation, the farmers here need to take special care of their banana crop to protect it from this disease.

Farmers are making profits worth lakhs with this amazing method of sowing bitter gourd.

Nowadays, a lot of modernization has been seen in every field. Bitter gourd cultivation can prove to be very effective in increasing the income of farmers. In fact, those who are earning a handsome income of Rs 20 to 25 lakh every year from bitter gourd cultivation. The successful farmer we are talking about is Jitendra Singh, a young farmer from Mahua village of Sarsaul block of Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. He has been cultivating improved varieties of bitter gourd in his field for the last 4 years. 

According to farmer Jitendra Singh, earlier the farmers of his area are not able to protect and defend their crops due to stray and wild animals. Because, whatever crops the farmers cultivated in their fields, animals used to eat them. In such a situation, young farmer Jintendra Singh thought of cultivating bitter gourd in his field. Because, bitter gourd is very bitter to eat, due to which animals do not eat it.

Some special things related to bitter gourd cultivation are as follows:

To get good profits from Bitter Gourd Cultivation, farmers should cultivate it in Zaid and Kharif seasons. Also, sandy loam or loamy soil is considered suitable for its cultivation. 

Also read: Important information related to bitter gourd cultivation 

Farmers can do the sowing of Bitter Gourd in two easy ways. Firstly, farmers can sow bitter gourd directly through seeds and secondly through the nursery method. If you cultivate bitter gourd (Karele ki kheti) on the land on the banks of rivers, then you can get good yield of bitter gourd.

Improved varieties of bitter gourd are as follows

To get good yield from bitter gourd cultivation, farmers should plant improved varieties of bitter gourd in their fields. Although, different varieties of bitter gourd are available in the market. But, today we will tell about some special varieties, such as - Hisar Selection, Coimbatore Clove, Arka Harit, Pusa Hybrid-2, Pusa Aushadhi, Pusa Do Moushim, Punjab Bitter Gourd-1, Punjab-14, Solan Green and Solan White. , Priya Ko-1, SDU-1, Kalyanpur Sona, Pusa Shankar-1, Kalyanpur Perennial, Kashi Suphal, Kashi Urvashi Pusa Special etc. are the improved varieties of bitter gourd. 

Also read: Bitter gourd will give profit, stray animals get upset - Complete information about bitter gourd cultivation.

By which method is the farmer cultivating bitter gourd?

Young farmer Jitendra Singh cultivates bitter gourd in his field using 'scaffolding method'. Due to this they get much higher production. The bitter gourd plant is made a scaffold and mounted on it, due to which the vine continues to grow and spreads on the wires of the scaffold. He told that he used wire and wood or bamboo to make scaffolding in the field. This scaffold is quite high. One can pass through it very easily during harvesting. The more the bitter gourd vines spread, the greater the yield. They can produce up to 50 quintals of produce from one bigha of land. He says that making scaffolding neither causes rot in the bitter gourd plant nor does it harm the vines.

How much income can be earned from bitter gourd cultivation?

To get good production from bitter gourd cultivation, the farmer should cultivate its improved varieties. As mentioned above, young farmer Jitendra Singh earlier used to cultivate pumpkin, gourd and chilli in his field, which was badly damaged by stray animals. Therefore he has decided to cultivate bitter gourd. At the same time, today farmer Jitendra is cultivating bitter gourd in 15 acres and is earning huge profits. According to Jitendra, his bitter gourd is generally easily sold at the price of Rs 20 to Rs 25 per kg. Also, many times bitter gourd is sold for Rs 30 per kg. Most of the traders buy bitter gourd from the farm itself. 

He also told that in one acre of field, seeds, fertilizers, preparation of scaffolding along with other works cost Rs 40 thousand. At the same time, they can easily earn an income of Rs 1.5 lakh from this. Jitendra Singh does farming in about 15 acres. In such a situation, if the calculations are done, then he earns about Rs 15-20 lakh from bitter gourd cultivation in one season.

Marigold flowers are mostly used in worship. Along with this, marigold is also used in decorating houses and pavilions in weddings. This is the reason why there is constant demand for it in the market throughout the year. Therefore if farmers practise its cultivation they can maximise their profits with minimal investment.

In addition to producing conventional crops, farmers in Bihar practise large-scale horticulture. Farmers, in particular, are becoming increasingly interested in the production of roses and marigolds. As a result, farmers' incomes have improved significantly. Farmers here produce crops that are in high demand not just in Bihar but even outside of the state. Many farmers in the state have had their lives dramatically altered as a result of flower growing.

The Bihar government is providing incentives to enhance the area of flower cultivation.

However, the Bihar government wants the number of farmers planting flowers in the state to expand at a quicker rate. Chief Minister Nitish Kumar's government intends to offer large incentives to expand the state's flower growing sector. Actually, the Bihar government claims that flowers are a commercial crop. If the state's farmers produce flowers, their revenue will increase. In such a case, they would be able to have a happy existence.

Also  read: Cultivate these flowers, and you will be prosperous soon.

The Bihar government is providing a 70% grant.

This is why the Bihar government has decided to provide a considerable payment to farmers planting flowers via the Integrated Horticulture Development Mission Scheme. The Nitish government presently provides a 70% subsidy for marigold farming. If farmer brothers wish to apply for this grant, they may do so by visiting the Horticulture Department's official website. For additional details about the initiative, farmer brothers can go to horticulture.bihar.gov.in.

The government of Bihar has established the unit cost per acre.

The Bihar government has fixed the unit cost per hectare for marigold farming at Rs 40 thousand. Let us notify you that a 70% award will be available on top of this. If the farmer brothers plant marigold on one hectare, the state government would provide them Rs 28 thousand free of charge. Apply as soon as possible to benefit from the Kisan Bhai Yojana.

Guava crop is the fourth largest commercial crop in India after mango, banana, and lemon. Guava cultivation in India started in the 17th century. The tropical regions of America and West Indies are known for the origin of guava. Guava has adapted so well to the climate of India that it is cultivated very successfully. 

At present, apart from Maharashtra, Karnataka, Orissa, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh, it is also being cultivated in Punjab and Haryana. In Punjab, guava is cultivated on an area of ​​8022 hectares and the average yield is 160463 metric tons. Along with this, the demand for guavas produced in India's climate is continuously increasing in foreign countries, due to which its cultivation has started being done commercially all over India.

Guava taste and nutrients

The taste of guava is more delicious and sweet. Various medicinal properties are also present inside guava. For this reason, it is also used to get relief from dental diseases. Guava has its importance in gardening. Guava is also called the apple of the poor because it is beneficial, cheap, and available everywhere. Guava contains nutrients like Vitamin C, Vitamin B, Calcium, Iron, and Phosphorus.

Also read: Why cultivating Japanese Red Diamond guava is beneficial for farmers

How much profit is earned from guava

Jelly, juice, jam, and barfi are also made from guava. By taking good care of guava fruit, it can be stored for a long time. Farmers can grow guava once and get production for about 30 years. Farmers can easily earn an annual income of Rs 10 to 12 lakh from guava gardening on one acre. If you are also planning to do guava gardening then this article is very beneficial for you. Because in this article we will give you information about guava cultivation.

Commercially improved varieties of guava 

Punjab Pink: The fruits of this variety are a large and attractive golden yellow color. Its pulp is red, from which a very good aroma comes. The annual production of one plant is approximately 155 kg.

Allahabad Safeda: Its fruit is soft and round. Its pulp is white and has an attractive aroma. The annual yield from one plant can be approximately 80 to 100 kg.

Orx Mridula: Its fruits are large in size, soft, round and have white pulp. Up to 144 kg of fruits can be obtained from one plant annually.

Sardar:  Also known as L 49. Its fruit is large in size and rough from the outside. Its pulp is cream-coloured. Its annual production per plant ranges from 130 to 155 kg.

Shweta: The pulp of this variety of fruit is creamy white. The sucrose content in the fruit is 10.5 to 11.0 percent. Its average yield is 151 kg per tree. 

Punjab Safeda: The pulp of this variety of fruit is creamy and white. The amount of sugar in the fruit is 13.4% and the amount of sourness is 0.62%.

Other improved varieties: Allahabad Surkha, Apple Guava, Spotted, Pant Prabhat, Lalit, etc. are the improved commercial varieties of guava. The amount of TSS in all these varieties is more than Allahabad Safeda and L 49 varieties. 

Suitable climate for guava cultivation 

Guava has adapted so well to the Indian climate that it can be cultivated easily and very successfully in any part of India. Due to the guava plant being very tolerant, it can be cultivated easily in any type of soil and climate. The Guava plant is from a tropical climate.

Also read: This guava can provide good income to farmers

Therefore, it is most cultivated in areas with arid and semi-arid climates. Guava plants can easily tolerate both cold and hot climates. But frost falling during the winter season damages its small plants. Its plants can tolerate a maximum temperature of 30 degrees and a minimum of 15 degrees. At the same time, a fully grown plant can tolerate temperatures up to 44 degrees.

Selection of land for farming

As told to you above the guava plant is a plant of tropical climate. According to the Indian climate, it can be successfully cultivated in any type of soil from light to heavy, and with low drainage. But, for its best commercial cultivation, sandy loam to clayey soil is considered best. In alkaline soil, its plants are at risk of rotting disease. 

For this reason, the pH value of the land for its cultivation should be between 6 to 6.5. To get its excellent yield, use only a similar type of soil in the field. Guava gardening can be done in both hot and dry climates. The areas of the country which receive 100 to 200 cm of rainfall in a year. There it can be easily cultivated successfully.

Process of sowing guava seeds

For guava cultivation, it is best to sow seeds from February to March or August to September. Guava plants are planted through both seed and seedling methods. Apart from sowing seeds in the field, quick production can be achieved by planting seedlings. If you are planting saplings in a guava field, then maintain a distance of 6 x 5 meters at the time of planting. If the sapling has been planted squarely, then keep the distance between its saplings to 15 to 20 feet. 25 cm of sapling. Plant at a depth of. 

Also read: Farmers can earn 3 times more income from Japanese Red Diamond guava than normal guava.

This will provide ample space for the plants and their branches to spread. About 132 saplings can be planted in one acre of guava farmland. Apart from this, if its cultivation is being sown through seeds, then the distance will be as per the plantation and the seeds should be sown at normal depth.

Method of sowing – Sowing can be done by planting in the field, by grafting, by sowing, by direct sowing, etc.

What is the process of propagating saplings from guava seeds?  

Traditional guava crop is used in selective breeding. It can be used for excellent yield and quality of fruits. Pant Prabhat, Lucknow-49, Allahabad Surkh, Paluma Arka Mirdula, etc. have been developed similarly. Its plants are prepared by planting seeds or by air layering method. Sardar variety seeds are drought tolerant and can be used to prepare cheese from the roots. For this, seeds should be prepared from fully ripe fruits and sown in beds or soft beds from August to March. 

Please note that the length of the beds should be 2 meters and the width should be 1 meter. After 6 months from sowing, Paneeri is ready to be planted in the field. When the width of the newly germinated paneer becomes 1 to 1.2 cm and the height reaches 15 cm, it is ready to be used for the germination method. The time from May to June is suitable for the pen method. Young plants and freshly cut branches or cuttings can be used for the germination method.

Through kitchen gardening, you can also grow vegetables at home. These vegetables will be pure and the hassle of purchasing them from the market will also end. In times of inflation, you can grow vegetables at home, due to which you can save a lot of money. These vegetables grow in a small space in the house, which does not cost you much. According to experts, while growing vegetables on the balcony, you have to take care of some special things, so that you can earn excellent yield at low cost.

You must be remembering the skyrocketing prices of tomatoes. To protect yourself from similar problems, you can take the help of kitchen gardening. Apart from tomatoes, chilies, okra, or coriander, you can also grow many other vegetables in it. For this, some pots filled with soil and sunlight are necessary.

Farmers plant seedlings inside big pots only.

For your information, let us tell you that the balcony of almost everyone's house gets sunlight. In such a situation, growing vegetables on the balcony can be a great option. With this, there will always be greenery in your house. Money will be saved and you will get pure vegetables in your home. During kitchen gardening, take special care that vegetable plants should be planted in big pots so that the roots get ample opportunity to spread.

Also read: Grow summer green vegetables easily in the kitchen garden: Bitter gourd, Lady's finger, Ghiya, Zucchini, Tinda, Cowpea, Cucumber.

Farmers take special care of the weather

Let us tell you that apart from this, the plants in bigger pots will become stronger and the plants will also bear fruits in good quantity. Experts say that it is very important to keep the weather in mind even in kitchen gardening. It is very difficult to get fruits from vegetables planted out of season. By doing balcony farming you can easily save thousands of rupees per month. You can grow tomatoes, okra, coriander, and chilies at home and use them yourself. Farmers need to have information about kitchen gardening. Because you can earn a little profit during kitchen gardening. Farmers should use kitchen gardening at the very beginning. Due to the weather, farmers had to pay very high prices for tomatoes.

Loamy soil is most suitable for lemon cultivation. Lemon is used to enhance the flavor of vegetables, make lemon tea, and make shikanji in summer. Today in this article we are going to tell you about different varieties of lemon. Lemon is cultivated on a large scale. It is yellow and has a very sour and spicy taste. It is used in making chutney, pickles, and sherbet, etc. Apart from this, it is also known for its medicinal properties. Its cultivation requires less care. Today we are going to tell you about these different varieties and their associated characteristics.

Gondhoraj Lebu variety of lemon

Let us tell you that this variety of lemons is cultivated mostly in Bengal. Gondhoraj Lebu is cultivated on a large scale in these areas. Its peels are thick and very strong. Its aroma is very good. Doctors of Bengal use it to prepare medicines.

Also read: Important information related to lemon cultivation

Nepali round variety of lemon

Nepali round variety of lemon is cultivated in the southern states of India. This lemon has much more juice than other lemons. Please note that the name of this species is Nepali. But, it is more famous in the southern states.

Mausambi lemon variety of lemon

Mausambi Lemon Akaak is like Mausambi. This is the most easily available variety. You can easily buy it at any fruit or vegetable shop. This is one of the main varieties of lemon, which is slightly bitter and sweet.

Lemon sherbet lemon variety

The peels of Sharbati lemon are quite thick in size. Besides, their juice is also quite thick. Its cultivation is more in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. It is mostly used to make pickles.

Also read: The rising price of lemon will increase the problems of common people

Kaji lemon variety of lemon

Kaji lemon is a famous lemon of Assam state. Let us tell you that it takes about a year for this plant to become ready. This Kaji lemon is more juicy and fresh than other lemons. Let us tell you that it is also used in preparing juice and pickles.

Former Captain Prakash Chand has said that there is no significant benefit in the cultivation of traditional crops like wheat and maize. In such a situation, farmers should now turn to horticulture. Because there is more profit in less cost under horticulture.

Actually, the person we are going to talk about is Prakash Chand. He was formerly serving as a Captain in the Indian Army. After taking retirement, he came to the village and started farming. The special thing is that he is now 70 years old. They are cultivating on their own even at this age. Captain Prakash Chand is a native of Kaiharru village in Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh. He is still gardening at this age.

Former Captain Prakash Chand has sold mosambi worth about Rs 2 lakh

He has a mosambi orchard in 20 kanals of land. This is earning them lakhs of rupees every year. Former captain Prakash Chand says that when he came to the village and started gardening, he earned 60 thousand rupees in the second year. At the same time, in the third year, he sold mosambi worth about Rs 2 lakh. However, this year the orchard has suffered a lot due to excessive rains. Then, too, they say that this time there will be a profit of Rs 4 lakh.

Also read: Sanjay Singh, a farmer, earns Rs 20 lakh annually by gardening mangoes

Ex-Captain Prakash Chand's income from horticulture increased

Captain Prakash Chand says that he has been gardening since the year 2019. He has started horticulture under HP Shiva Project. Under the HP project, horticulture training and financial assistance is provided to the farmers. In such a situation, he started the cultivation of mosambi and pomegranate on 20 kanals of barren land under HP Shiva Project. The main thing is that the former captain is now growing vegetables in his mosambi and pomegranate orchards. This has also increased their income significantly

Carrots are cultivated all over India, people use carrots both raw and cooked, carrots contain Vitamin A and carotene, which are very beneficial for the body. Orange carrots are high in carotene, green carrot leaves contain many nutrients like protein, minerals, vitamins, etc. which provide nutrition to animals. Chicken fodder can be made from green carrot leaves. Carrots are grown the most in Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana.

Suitable climate for carrot cultivation.

Carrots are mostly grown in cold climates. Carrot growth slows down due to high temperatures and color changes. For this, sandy loam and loamy soil is best. Drainage of water in the soil is very important.

Also read: Agricultural scientists suggested new technology of foreign vegetable production for farmers living in hilly areas, definitely know this to earn better profits. 

Carrot Varieties

There are many varieties of carrots like Carrot No. 29, Pusa Kesar, Pusa Meghali, Selection 233, Gentney, Arliments, Emperor, Ments of Lag, Pusa Yamdagni and Gino.

Field Varieties

In preparation for the field for sowing carrots, the first plowing should be done with a soil-turning plow. After this, the field should be made friable by doing two to three plowings with a cultivator or local plow. 200 to 250 quintals of rotten cow dung should be mixed well in the land while preparing the field. By doing this, the yield of fruits is higher.

Seeds and Seed Sowing.

To cultivate carrots, seeds of improved varieties should be selected. In carrot farming, 5 to 6 kg seeds are required per hectare for sowing on ridges. Before sowing, it should be treated with 2.5 grams of Thiram per kg of seeds. Carrots are sown from August to October in Northern India. European varieties are sown in November. In hilly areas, sowing is done from March to June. It should be sown on lines or in ridges at a distance of 35 to 45 cm. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1.5 to 2 cm, the height of the ridges should be kept at 20 to 25 cm and the distance from plant to plant should be kept at 4 to 5 cm. 

Manure and Fertilizer management in crops.

200 to 250 quintals of rotten cow dung should be given while preparing the field and 50 kg nitrogen, 40 kg phosphorus, and 45 kg potash should be given as elements per hectare. Half the quantity of nitrogen and the full quantity of phosphorus and potash should be given before sowing. The remaining half quantity of nitrogen is given to the standing crop twice. 1/4 quantity of nitrogen should be given initially at the time of growth of leaves and 1/4 quantity of nitrogen should be given at the time of growth of roots.

Also read: Detailed information about important works related to carrot cultivation

Crop Irrigation Management.

After sowing, first irrigation should be done in the drain so that moisture remains in the ridges. Later irrigation should be done at an interval of 8 to 10 days. In summer, irrigation should be done at an interval of 4 to 5 days. The field should never dry up, otherwise the yield reduces.

Weed Control.

2 to 3 weeding should be done in the entire crop, at the same time thinning should be done and a distance of 4 to 5 cm should be maintained from the plants. To control weeds, a 3.5-liter stamp should be sprayed in the field immediately after sowing, while there should be sufficient moisture in the field. 

Also read: Carrot root disease and its remedies

Carrot and digging production.

Only when the roots of a carrot become edible, it should be dug with a trowel so that the roots are not cut and the quality remains good so that it can get a good price in the market. It should be cleaned and sold in the market. The yield of roots in carrots depends on the variety, such as the Asiatic type yields 250 to 300 quintals per hectare and the European type yields 100 to 150 quintals per hectare. 

These top 5 varieties of Fenugreek, Pusa kasoori, R.M.T 305, Rajendra Kranti, A.F.G 2 and Hisaar Sonali give productivity upto 6 quintals per acre in less duration to farmers. The price of these varieties is also very high in the market. Fenugreek is a leafy crop and almost all the farmers of India are earning heavy profit by producing this crop in their fields. Actually, Fenugreek is very beneficial for our body. Because it contains dissolved protein and many micro vitamins. That's why their demand in the market is very high. In this scenario, if you cultivate these top varieties of Fenugreek, then you also can get awesome produce in very less time. These top 5 varieties of Fenugreek Pusa kasoori, R.M.T 305, Rajendra Kranti, A.F.G 2 and Hisaar Sonali are capable of producing 6 quintals per acre. 

Top 5 varieties of Fenugreek are listed below 

The Rajendra Kranti variety of fenugreek 

Farmers can earn a produce of almost 5 quintals from Rajendra Kranti variety of Fenugreek. This variety of fenugreek ripes in  around 120 days.

Two diseases occurrs in guava crop, fruit fly and millets can completely harm the crop. To control this, farmers will have to take care of various things from changing the crop cycle. Guava is a very popular fruit, guava is produced by most of the farmers in India. If seen, due to the economic and commercial importance of guava, the interest of the farmers here is increasing towards it. 

In such a situation, today we have brought information to the farmers about the diseases occurring in the guava crop and its prevention. According to Dr Amit Kumar Goswami, a scientist at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), the biggest problem in guava is the fruit fly in the rainy season. The best way to do this is to change the crop cycle Most people also call it outside control.

How often guava bear fruits?

Guavas flower twice and bear fruit only twice. The flowers of the rain-fed crops come in the month of April. If the farmers pluck those flowers in the month of April, then the fruit fly can be controlled. There are only two ways: either prune it or spray a solution of 10 per cent urea in it. At the same time, if farmers are not able to do this, then their second method is pheromane trap.

How to control fruit fly disease 

Pusa scientist Dr Amit Kumar Goswami said that the fruit in guava is a fly. For its prevention the traps of methyl yanal are currently available in the market. Along with the pheromane trap, these baggins are also available nowadays, which is a poly profinal tube. If these are also not available with the farmers, then they can also use the envelope. It is also known as methyl ynol trap as well as phiran trap. 

For this the farmers have to take special care that the chemicals kept in the pheromone trap have to be changed at an interval of 15-21 days. Actually, it contains a solution of pheromane, methyl uzanyl and spinosus. After this you have to do bagging after 30-45 days, by which the fruit will be of the shape of plum. By doing this the attack of fruit fly will be controlled.

The Buckeye disease affecting guava crop

At the same time,in present, other problems have also started to come in the guava crop, which is Mili Bakki. This is such a disease in which the farmers will see insects in the guava leaves like white cotton. To control this, make a solution of any laundry powder and spray it on it. After that you spray the solution on it at the rate of about 2 mL per liter of carbosulfan.

Bihar government will provide subsidies to the farmers cultivating papaya. Farmer brothers can take advantage of this by visiting the official site. Various types of fruits are also cultivated in Bihar, in which litchi is very special. But, at present the government has started giving grants to the farmer brothers to encourage papaya cultivation. Bumper grants will be given to the farmers cultivating it.

Papaya farming is a very profitable business. Papaya is a delicious and nutritious fruit, which is consumed throughout the year. Seeing the huge income potential of papaya cultivation in the horticulture sector, the Bihar government is encouraging the farmers of the state. Under this, the government gives a good grant to the farmers for planting papaya orchards.

Benefits will be available under the Integration Horticulture Mission Scheme.

Under the Integrated Horticulture Development Mission Scheme, a 75% subsidy is given to farmers for papaya cultivation. The state government has fixed the unit cost of papaya cultivation at Rs 60,000 per hectare. Farmers will get a subsidy of 75% (Rs 45,000) on this. Cultivation of papaya in one hectare will cost only Rs 15 thousand.

Also read: Begusarai farmer Neeraj earned a profit of lakhs by cultivating papaya in 2 acres.

Farmers apply here.

Farmers are interested in papaya cultivation in the state. Also, want to get the benefits of the government scheme. Such farmers will have to apply by visiting the official site horticulture.bihar.gov.in. Let us tell you that for more information, farmer brothers can also contact the official site or the nearest Horticulture Department office.

Trichoderma's miraculous benefits in agriculture and horticulture

Trichoderma is a species of fungi that is continuously playing an important role in agriculture and horticulture due to its diverse beneficial effects on plants. This versatile group of fungi is becoming very rapidly popular for its mycoparitic, biocontrol and properties promoting plant growth.

1. Mycoparasitic Capabilities

Trichoderma species are skillful mycoparasites, which means they parasitize and control the development of other fungi. This characteristic is particularly valuable in agriculture, where pathogens produced by soil cause significant damage to the crop. The same species of Trichoderma actively attack and inhibit their growth by competing with nutrients and harmful fungi to the location.

Also read: Mustard crop disease and prevention measures

2. Biocontrol agent

Trichoderma serves as a natural biocontrol agent against a wide range of pathogens of plants, including the species of fusarium, rhizoctonia and pythium. Trichoderma establishes a protective barrier, which prevents pathogenic fungi from infecting the roots of plants. This bio -control mechanism reduces the need for synthetic chemical fungicide, promotes durable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

 3. Inclusion of the protection mechanism of plants

Trichoderma induces the plant's own defence mechanism, increasing its immunity to diseases. Fungi stimulates the production of various defence-related compounds, such as phytoalexins and pathogenesis, proteins in plants. This systemic resistance helps crops to withstand infection and stress, which contributes to the overall health of plants.

4. Nutrient solubility

Some species of  Trichoderma display the ability to solve essential nutrients such as phosphorus, iron zinc as well as other micronutrients such as other micronutrients, making them more available to plants. This nutrient solubility increases the growth and development of plants, especially in the decreased soil, and reduces the requirement of synthetic fertilisers.

Also read: Why is the government's fertiliser subsidy bill increasing?

5. Advanced root development

Trichoderma promotes root growth and branches by producing substances that promote oxin and other plants. Better root systems result in better nutrients and water eclipses, which increases the strength and overall crop productivity of the plants.

6. Stress Tolerance

Trichoderma helps plants to deal with various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity and excessive temperature. The symbiotic relationship between Trichoderma and plants can increase the ability to adapt and survive in the challenging conditions of the plants, eventually producing more flexible crops.

7. Bio -degradation of organic matter

 Trichoderma species contribute to the dissolution of organic matter in the soil. They secrete enzymes that facilitate the decomposition of organic residues, making the nutrients back into the soil. This recycling process improves soil composition and fertility, creating a favourable environment for the growth of plants.

Also read: Use organic manure and increase crop yield, farmers here are taking full benefits

8. Professional use

Trichoderma-based bio-fungal and bio-fertilizers have gained popularity in the agricultural industry. These commercial products containing live trichoderma inoculants are planted on seeds, soil or plant surfaces to provide various benefits above. Farmers are increasingly integrating these biological agents into their crop management practices to promote sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture.

9. Biological control of nematodes

Some Trichoderma strains display anti-activity against plant-parasitic nematodes. This bio -control capacity is valuable in the management of nematode infections, which is harmful to crop health.

10. Seed Treatment

Trichoderma-based formulation is used to protect seed treatment, protect seeds from soil-related pathogens and promote seedling installation. These preventive measures contribute to making crops healthy from the initial phase of development.

Summary

The versatile advantages of Trichoderma in agriculture and gardening arise from its mycopo -suitable capabilities, bio -control mechanisms, plant defence reactions, nutrient solutions, promoting root growth, increasing stress tolerance and contributing to organic matter decomposition. As the agricultural sector continues to adopt durable practices, the use of Trichoderma-based products is playing an important role in promoting plant health, reducing chemical inputs and ensuring food security.