fasal

Mustard is one of the major rabi crops. Explain that mustard cultivation is done prominently in many states of India. If we talk about advanced varieties of mustard, then Raj Vijay Mustard-2, Pusa Mustard 21, Pusa Mustard RH 30, Pusa Bold and Pusa Mustard are 28sa Bold and Pusa Mustard 28.. In fact, in almost all the states of India, everything from sowing of crops to harvesting remains dependent on the weather. As you know, the time of harvesting of kharif crops is going on. Also, farmers are preparing to sow rabi crops. At the same time, the major crops sown in the rabi crop are potatoes, peas, mustard, wheat etc. Today we will give you information about the best varieties of mustard. The names of these advanced varieties of mustard are Pusa Bold, Pusa Mustard 28, Raj Vijay Mustard-2, Pusa Mustard 21 and Pusa Mustard RH 30. All these are the most preferred mustard varieties in the production of oilseeds in India. These varieties make more profits at the cost of farmers per hectare. Their production is also more than the rest of the varieties. So let's know in detail about these varieties of mustard.

5 advanced varieties for mustard cultivation

Mustard Pusa Bold

The time period for ripening of mustard Pusa bold is 100 to 140 days. The area of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Delhi is considered suitable for sowing it. If we talk about its yield per hectare, it provides 20 to 25 quintals per hectare yield. The amount of oil inside it is up to 40 percent.

Also read: Farmers can make great profits by cultivating this variety of mustard.

Pusa mustard 28

The period of crop ripening and harvesting is 105 to 110 days. It is sown in states like Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir. Farmer brothers can get 18 to 20 quintals of production per hectare. Talking about the amount of oil, it is up to 21 percent.

Raj Vijay Mustard-2

The crop ripening time is from 120 to 130 days. It is produced in areas of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh. At the same time, the average yield from this ranges from 20 to 25 quintals per hectare. The amount of oil ranges from about 37 to 40 percent.

Also read: Information about all the necessary 

works related to mustard cultivation

Pusa Mustard R H30

It takes about 130 to 135 days for this type of mustard crop to ripen. The area of sowing this variety is Haryana, Punjab and Western Rajasthan. At the same time, if we talk about per hectare, it is from 16 to 20 quintals per hectare. If we talk about the amount of oil inside it, then it is up to 39 percent.

Pusa Mustard 21

The time of ripening of this variety of crops is around 137 to 152 days. Explain that it can be produced prominently in Punjab, Rajasthan and Delhi. For your information, tell that 18 to 21 quintals of production can be taken per hectare. Talking about the amount of oil from this type of mustard, it is about 37 to 40 percent. According to the Indian Institute of Lonacles of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, if farmers of these areas want more production, then these varieties of mustard can prove to be a profitable deal for farmers. All these varieties produce more percentage of oil per hectare with more production.

Wheat is sown beginning from October. Wheat farming may be profitable if all aspects of the process, from seeding to harvesting, are done correctly.

As we all know, the Kharif season is currently underway. After harvesting this season's crops, farmers will begin seeding Rabi season crops. Wheat is one of the key Rabi crops, therefore farmers may increase productivity by keeping a few things in mind. India has achieved significant progress in wheat production during the previous four decades. Wheat output has climbed from 12.26 million tonnes in 1964-65 to a record high of 107.18 million tonnes in 2019-20. To ensure food and nutritional security for India's population, wheat output and productivity must be increased on a constant basis. India's population is expected to reach 1.4 billion by 2025.The predicted demand for wheat by 2025 is roughly 117 million tonnes. To attain this aim, new technologies will need to be created. Testing novel kinds with high fertility can help attain optimum output capacity.

Major Wheat producing states in India

For your reference, the northern Ganga-Indus plains are India's most fertile and high-producing wheat areas. In reality, the largest wheat-producing states in this region include Delhi, Rajasthan (save for the Kota and Udaipur divisions), Western Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand's Terai region, Jammu and Kathua districts of Jammu and Kashmir, and Una district of Himachal Pradesh. Ponta valley is included. Wheat is grown on over 12.33 million hectares of land in this area. Wheat production amounts to around 57.83 million tonnes.The average wheat production in this area is 44.50 quintals per hectare. At the same time, by implementing the recommended wheat technologies in front-line wheat demonstrations held on farmers' fields, a yield of 51.85 quintal/hectare may be reached. In recent years, superior wheat cultivars HD 3086 and HD 2967 have been seeded extensively in this area. However, to replace these types, high-production and disease-resistant cultivars such as DBW 187, DBW 222, and HD 3226 have been widely promoted.

Also read: How farmers may increase wheat yields by managing the crop properly.

Use these HYV seeds for high yield

The selection of varieties is a crucial choice in wheat agriculture since it determines how much will be produced. New disease-resistant cultivars with great production capacity should constantly be chosen. For irrigated and timely planting, use DBW 303, WH 1270, and PBW 723; for irrigated and late sowing, use DBW 173, DBW 71, PBW 771, WH 1124, DBW 90, and HD 3059. At the same time, the HD 3298 cultivar has been found for seeding across longer distances. The WH 1142 cultivar may be used for restricted irrigation and timely seeding. Sowing timing, seed rate, and the proper amount of fertiliser. Using cow dung manure at the rate of 4-6 tonnes/acre during field preparation 15-20 days before planting wheat enhances the fertiliser power of the soil.

Sowing is done with zero tillage and turbo happy seeder.

In the paddy-wheat cropping system, planting wheat with zero tillage is a practical and useful practice. After paddy harvesting, wheat is seeded without ploughing using a zero till drill machine, taking use of the land's stored moisture. Where paddy is harvested late. This machine is proven to be really useful there. This gadget is quite beneficial even in water-logged locations. This is the most effective and efficient technique of managing paddy crop residues. This type of wheat planting produces an equivalent or greater yield than traditional sowing while also preventing crop fall.By retaining crop leftovers on the surface, moisture is kept in the root zone of the plants for a longer period of time, thus temperature increases have no negative effect on production and weeds are decreased. Irrigation management is crucial in wheat agriculture.

The need for proper irrigation for wheat cultivation.

Let us tell you that a wheat crop takes five to six irrigations to get maximum productivity. Irrigation should be done based on water availability, soil type, and plant demands. The wheat crop's life cycle is divided into three stages: adventitious roots (21 days), initial node formation (65 days), and grain production (85 days), all of which require watering. If there is enough water for irrigation, the first irrigation should be done on the 21st day, followed by five irrigations spaced 20 days apart. New irrigation systems, such as the sprinkler or drip method, are also particularly effective for wheat farming.

They have been used in poorly irrigated locations for quite some time. However, even in water-rich places, water may be saved by using these methods. It is also possible to obtain good productivity. The Central and State governments also offer funds in the form of subsidies for these irrigation systems. Farmer brothers should use these systems to fulfil their national responsibility for irrigation water management.

In the world, apart from India, Parwal is cultivated in China, Russia, Thailand, Poland, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Egypt and Myanmar. In India, Parwal is cultivated in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. In Uttar Pradesh, Parwal is cultivated on commercial level in Jaunpur, Faizabad, Gonda, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Ballia and Deoria districts, whereas in Bihar, Parwal is cultivated commercially in Patna, Vaishali, Muzaffarpur, Samastipur, Champaran, Sitamarhi, Begusarai, Khagaria, It occurs in Munger and Bhagalpur.

 In Bihar, it is cultivated in the plains and Diara areas. During the rainy season, fruit, leaf and root rot diseases are more common in Parwal, the main reason for this is the high humidity in the environment. This disease occurs on a large scale in all the major Parwal growing areas of the country. The severity of this disease is seen in almost all Parwal producing areas. 

This disease is not only seen in the crops standing in the field, apart from this, this disease is also seen when the fruits are plucked. Wet dark colored spots are formed on the fruits, these spots grow and rot the fruit and these rotten fruits start smelling, the fruits which are close to the ground are more diseased. Cotton-like fungus is visible on rotten fruits.

Causes of root and stem rot in Parwal

Fungal pathogen: More than one pathogen is responsible for root and vine rot in Parwal. Phytophthora melonis causes rotting of fruits, leaves and roots of Parwal (Trichosanthes dioica). Apart from this, Rhizoctonia solani, various species of Fusarium and various species of Pythium are also the main causes behind root and vine rot in Parwal. There are reasons. These pathogens thrive in hot and humid conditions, making the crop vulnerable, especially during the rainy season.

Also read: Farmers can earn good money in a short amount of time by growing parwal

Poor drainage: Waterlogged soils or inadequate drainage systems create ideal environments for fungus growth. Excess moisture around the roots and vines promotes the development of rot. 

Contaminated soil and planting material: Using contaminated soil or infected planting material can introduce pathogens into the crop. Proper soil sterilization and use of disease-free seedlings are essential preventive measures.

Effect of rotting on Parwal

Reduction in yield: Root and vine rot can significantly reduce crop yield. Infected plants may produce small, deformed fruits, or in severe cases, fail to produce harvestable produce.

Economic loss: For farmers, lower yields mean lower income. The costs of inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and labor are not compensated, leading to financial losses.

Crop Quality: The quality of Parwal can be compromised even if the crop survives. Rotten vines and roots affect the taste and texture of the vegetable, making it unmarketable.

How to manage root and stem rot disease in Parwal?

Effective management of root and vine rot in Parwal involves a combination of preventive and curative measures. To solve this problem, some solutions are as follows:

Also read: Started production off parwal after learning from farming university, earning of upto 80 thousands

Crop rotation and site selection

Implement crop rotation system to break the disease cycle. Avoid planting Parval in the same soil for consecutive seasons. Choose well-drained, elevated planting sites to reduce the risk of waterlogging.

Preparing the soil

Before planting, make sure the soil is properly prepared. Incorporate organic matter such as compost to improve soil structure and drainage. Use soil solarization, a technique where plastic sheets are used to trap heat and kill soil-borne pathogens before planting.

Seed selection and treatment

Use disease-free planting material from reputable sources. Treat the planting material with fungicide before transplanting to reduce the chance of fungal infection.

Proper water management

Irrigate the crop carefully, avoiding excessive moisture around the roots and vines. Use drip irrigation to deliver water directly to the root zone, reducing fungal contact.

Also read: All information regarding drip irrigation

Use of fungicide

Use fungicides as a preventive measure, especially during the early stages of plant growth. To control this, fruits should not be allowed to come in contact with the ground. For this, straw or reeds should be spread on the ground. Spraying fungicide containing Ridomil and Mancozeb mixed with Ridomil M Gold, 2 grams per liter of water and thoroughly wetting the soil around Parwal with this solution reduces the severity of the disease. 

It is worth noting that Parwal fruits should be harvested only after 10 days of spraying the medicine. All pluckable fruits should be plucked before spraying the medicine. The schedule for spraying the medicine should be decided only after the weather forecast, because if it rains immediately after spraying the medicine, the expected benefits will not be achieved. Consult agricultural experts for guidance on proper fungicide and application schedule.

Controlling the organic matter

Use beneficial microorganisms such as various species of Trichoderma that help suppress pathogenic fungi.

Cleanliness

Practice good field sanitation by removing and destroying infected plant debris. This prevents the formation of pathogens in the soil. Disinfect tools and equipment to prevent the spread of disease.

Fungus resistant varieties of parwal

If available, choose Parwal varieties that are resistant to root and vine rot. Resistant varieties can reduce the risk of infection to a great extent.

Also read: 3 new types of parwal developed in this state

Nutrient management

Maintain balanced levels of nutrients in the soil. Plants lacking nutrients are more susceptible to diseases. Regularly monitor and adjust fertilizer application based on soil testing.

Training and education of farmers

Train farmers in disease identification and management techniques. Establish local support networks and extension services for timely advice and assistance.

Weather monitoring

Keep an eye on weather conditions, especially during the rainy season. Apply preventive measures when conditions are favorable for fungal growth. To conclude, root and vine rot in Parwal can be challenging for farmers, but with the right management strategies, its impact can be minimized. Preventive measures such as crop rotation, soil preparation and proper water management are important. 

Additionally, the use of disease resistant varieties and biological control methods can further increase crop resilience. By taking a holistic approach to disease management and staying informed about best practices, farmers can protect their Parval crops and ensure a safer and more profitable harvest.

India's villages are the foundation of economic development and the Indian agriculture industry is an important part of the country's economy. Millions of families depend on and are responsible for Indian agriculture. Crop insurance plays an important role in helping farmers ensure the results of their hard work. We will discuss the importance of crop insurance and its benefits for farmers.

What is crop insurance? 

Crop insurance is a type of insurance that helps farmers protect their crops from irregular weather conditions. It gives farmers an opportunity to reduce their costs and ensure their income. Crop insurance schemes are run by the government, and they provide financial assistance to farmers in case of crop loss.

Agricultural Insurance Corporation

Crop Insurance Corporation is an important organization for the safety of farmers and protection of their farming in India. It is established by the government and works to protect the farmers of India from various types of natural disasters and extenuating circumstances. The main objective of Agricultural Insurance Corporation is to free the farmers from losses on their farming costs. This government scheme provides the facility to farmers to get insurance for their crops so that they can run their farming self-reliantly. For more information visit: www.aicofindia.com

https://policyholder.gov.in/crop-insurance , www.pmfby.gov.in and https://irdai.gov.in The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has a major role in the development and regulation of the insurance sector, including crop insurance, in India. There are various schemes under Agricultural Insurance Corporation, such as Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS), and Met Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS) etc. Under these schemes, farmers can get their crops insured to protect them from various natural calamities such as floods, drought, snowfall, rain, diseases, pests etc.

Benefits of crop insurance

Investment Protection: Crop insurance provides farmers with protection of their investments. When a farmer insures his crops, he is protected against losses caused by irregular weather conditions. This strengthens the economic condition of farmers and gives them self-support to invest. 

Also read: Farmers in UP are less interested in crop insurance

Security of farmers' income: Crop insurance provides farmers with security of their main income source. If a farmer's crop suffers any kind of damage, then crop insurance provides him financial help. With this the farmer can ensure the financial security of his family.

Increase in agricultural production: Provision of crop insurance makes farmers feel more secure and gives them courage to increase agricultural production. When farmers are sure that their hard work is not going to result in crop loss, they are more enthusiastic and try to produce more.

Improvement of Agricultural Literature: Crop insurance improves the economic condition of farmers and makes them more structured towards more education and literary development. As a result, the level of agricultural literature also increases and farmers have more knowledge, which also improves their agricultural production.

Social Security: Farmers also get a sense of social security through crop insurance. If there is any loss in the farmer's crop, he does not need to face much social conditions. He is able to support his family and can help other members of the society.

Also read: Farmers can avail the benefits of crop insurance scheme

Suggestions and technical assistance: Crop insurance schemes give farmers a chance to do farming with new techniques and better technologies. Government and insurance companies often provide suggestions and technical assistance to farmers for better farming, which makes farmers more excited and aware.

Savings and investment opportunity: Crop insurance provides farmers with security for their savings and investments. When a farmer gets his crops insured, he gets a chance to strengthen his economic structure. With this, the farmer can invest and save more to improve his economic condition.

Farming without stress: With crop insurance, the farmer can do farming without stress. When their crops are protected by insurance, they can do farming without worrying about weather conditions. This reduces the mental pressure of the farmer and he can work more efficiently.

Many schemes are being run by the Central Government for the benefit of farmers. The objective of these schemes is to uplift the farmers economically as well as to overcome the challenges faced during farming. Various schemes are being run by the Central Government for farmers. Farmers get various types of support through these schemes. What are those schemes which support farmers financially? Along with this, they also help in other tasks related to farming.

PM Kisan Saman Nidhi Yojna

Under PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana, 6 thousand rupees are provided to the farmers of India every year. Under this scheme, these rupees are transferred to the farmers in four installments. This means that this amount is made available to the farmers in three different installments of Rs 2 thousand each. If you want to take advantage of this scheme, then do not make any mistake while applying. For more information related to the scheme, farmers can contact PM Kisan Yojana helpline number 155261 or 1800115526 or 011-23381092.

Also read: 81000 beneficiaries were removed from the list of PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojna

PM Kisan Maandhan Yojana

Under the PM Kisan Maandhan Yojana issued by the Central Government, the government is providing a pension of Rs 3,000 per month to the farmers. Only farmers between 18 to 40 years of age are eligible to apply to avail the benefits of this scheme. When farmers reach 60 years of age, a pension of Rs 3,000 per month is sent to their account.

Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme

Under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, financial security is provided to farmers against crop damage due to natural disasters, pests and diseases. Under the scheme, farmers have to pay a premium, on which the government gives subsidy. The central and state governments share the premium subsidy for non-subsidized crops in the ratio of 50:50. At the same time, the central government provides higher subsidy share for subsidized crops.

Farmers currently get the benefit of insurance coverage for their crops under the Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme. Also, farmers can get the benefit of insurance coverage for ponds, tractors, cattle, etc. under this scheme.

The central government is preparing to give a new gift to the farmers of India. According to media reports, efforts are being made by the Central Government to increase the benefits provided to farmers under the Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme. Because of this, farmers are likely to get relief soon. For information, let us tell you that under the Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme, currently, farmers get the benefit of insurance coverage for their crops. Modi government is currently making preparations to increase the scope of this insurance scheme. In the next few days, farmers can get the benefit of insurance coverage for ponds, tractors cattle, etc. under this scheme.

Positive Improvements in Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme

The central government led by PM Narendra Modi is soon preparing to give a special gift to the farmers across the country. News agency PTI has made this claim through government officials. For your information, let us tell you that it has been said in the report that the Central Government is trying to expand the scope of profits beyond crops under the Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme. Under this, preparations are underway to bring properties like ponds, tractors, cattle, palm trees, etc. under the crop insurance scheme.

Also read: Crop insurance and its benefits for farmers

Possibility of giving a new look to the portal

The Central Government may redesign the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana portal to expand the scope of the PM Crop Insurance Scheme. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana portal can be developed as a comprehensive platform. This will enable farmers to benefit from insurance coverage on assets other than crops. The government can easily make a provision of Rs 30 thousand crore for this.

Also read: Important Schemes Being Run by the Government in the Interest of Farmers

Farmers can get help from this app

Let us tell you that according to the report, this campaign of PMFBY can be further developed through AIDA. The AIDA app was launched in July this year. Under this app, registration of people will be done from door to door, so that PMFBY can be made more accessible to the farmers. Through this app, insurance intermediaries will not only be able to enroll farmers for crop insurance but will also be able to provide benefits of non-subsidy schemes to 4 crore farmers.

Explain that flood is the biggest problem in our region. We locals are cultivating according to climate change. However, there are severe floods and winds, which affect our crops a lot. Also, insects in crops are also normal. The PM crop insurance scheme is the best option for crop insurance. Farmer Vijayavan has this insurance since 2019. The Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme is providing us with strength and strength.

What is Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme

The Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme is a government insurance scheme run by the Central Government for farmers. This scheme is for preserving farmers from natural disasters such as floods, hailstorms, droughts, pests and diseases.

Necessary documents to avail the scheme

To avail the benefit of the Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme, you have the requirement of Aadhaar card, ration card, land lease, bank account passbook, proof of crop failure etc.

How to apply for PM crop insurance scheme

To apply for the Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme, first visit the Kisan Bhai official website. After this, click on the farmer corner on the homepage. Now farmers enter their mobile number and login. After this, farmers should enter all the necessary details name, address, age, state etc.  Finally the farmer  can click on the submit button.

Farmers can complete the process given here to take advantage of the Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme. Here the necessary documents have been told, with the help of which farmers can benefit from the scheme.

A lot of schemes are being run by the government, from which farmers are benefiting greatly. One of these schemes is named after the Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme (PMFBY). Through this scheme, farmers are provided insurance cover against damage to standing crops. The premium of insurance cover for rabi crops under the scheme is 1.5% percent. Also, the government provides a 50% percent grant, which means that farmers have to pay only a 0.75% percent premium. Currently crop insurance week is going on. Farmers should insure crops quickly to take cover.

Let's Know which damage is covered in it

Dry

flood

Hailstorm

hurricane

Insect

Diseases

What will be the benefit that farmers can get 

Under this, financial security is provided to farmers against the loss of standing crops. Also, it helps farmers to maintain their income and continue farming. In addition, it helps in making farmers self -sufficient.

Necessary documents for crop insurance

Crop Insurance Application Form

Crop sowing certificate

Farm map

Copy of farm measles or B-1

Aadhar card

Bank account details or passbook

Passport Size Photo

What is the process of application

Step 1: First candidate should visit the official website of Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme https://pmfby.gov.in/.

Step 2: After this, candidates should register on the home page.

Step 3: Then after completing the registration of the farmer brother, it is to choose the option of Apply as a farmer.

Step 4: After this an online form will be found, where all the information sought will have to be filled properly.

Step 5: Now perform a preview after filling the form, so that the mistakes can be detected.

Step 6: Then the form is filled properly, then attach the document and submit it.

Online applications for the identification of aromatic and medicinal plants began on January 22, 2024, as part of the Crop Diversification Scheme. The Bihar government encourages farmers to diversify their crops. This not only increases their income, but also protects the environment. This strategy allows farmers to earn extra money by producing fragrant and therapeutic plants. Farmers receive up to a 50% subsidy under the system.

The cultivation of these crops is encouraged

The Bihar government is offering incentives for the growth of Tulsi, Asparagus, Lemon Grass, Palm Rosa, and Khus as part of agricultural diversification. Online applications for the scheme began on January 22, 2024. Farmers in nine districts of Bihar can benefit from this plan. Farmers in nine districts of Bihar can profit from this plan. The districts are: West Champaran, Nawada, Supaul, Saharsa, Khagaria, Vaishali, Gaya, Jamui, and East Champaran. To take advantage of the policy, interested farmers can enlarge their aromatic and medicinal plant areas, which can range from 0.1 hectare to 4 hectares.

Also  read: Crop Diversification-Government is providing financial assistance; apply soon since the deadline is close.

Farmers are receiving a 50 percent subsidy

Bihar's Horticulture Directorate also uploaded a social media post on the Crop Diversification Scheme, stating that farmers will receive a 50% payment for producing lemongrass, palm rosa, basil, shatavari, and khus. If the unit cost is Rs 1,50,000 per acre. Let us tell you that farmers would receive a 50% grant, i.e. Rs 75 thousand for this.

Where to apply to get the benefits of the scheme

Farmers can apply for the advantages of this plan by clicking on the 'Apply' option under 'Crop Diversification plan' on the Horticulture Directorate's official website, horticulture.bihar.gov.in. Farmers interested in learning more should contact the district's Assistant Director of Horticulture.