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Like humans, plants also suffer from nutrient deficiencies, to fulfill which they also have to depend on external nutrients. But, the problem arises when we do not understand which nutrient is lacking in them. Let us tell you today, how you can identify it in a plant. Healthy plants are essential for a thriving garden or successful harvest. Lack of nutrients can affect the growth and development of plants, causing growth to stop. At the same time, the leaves also turn yellow and the production of fruits or flowers gets spoiled. 

Healthy plants are essential for a thriving garden or successful harvest. Lack of nutrients can affect the growth and development of plants, causing growth to stop. At the same time, the leaves also turn yellow and the production of fruits or flowers gets spoiled. Today we will provide you with information about which element is deficient in plants and when. Plants need many essential nutrients for their growth and development. These nutrients can be broadly divided into two groups. Macronutrients and micronutrients.

Macronutrients

Plants require macronutrients in abundance and these include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (CA), magnesium (MG), and sulfur (S). 

Also read: New variety of lotus Namo 108 unveiled, flowers will bloom all the time

Micronutrients

Micronutrients are required in small amounts and include iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), and chlorine (Cl).

Recognizing the symptoms of nutrient deficiencies

Nutritional deficiency in general: Plants are seen based on the characteristics of their leaves, stems, and growth. Let us tell you that based on some common symptoms, we will give you information on how you will be able to identify the deficiency of which element in a plant.

Deficiency of Nitrogen (N): Yellowing (chlorosis) of older leaves that starts at the tips and spreads inwards, stunting growth. 

Also read: Find out which nutrient is lacking by looking at the plant, new instructions from scientists

Deficiency of Phosphorus (P): Dark green leaves with red-violet color, older leaves may turn blue-green or brown and curl.

 Deficiency of Potassium (K): Yellowing or browning of edges and tips of leaves, weak stems.

Deficiency of Iron (Fe): Interveinal chlorosis (yellowing between the veins) on new leaves, leaves may turn white or yellow.

Deficiency of Magnesium (Mg): Interveinal chlorosis on older leaves, leaves may turn red-violet or curled.

Deficiency of Calcium (Ca): Young leaves may become distorted tips may die back, and flower tips in fruits may rot. 

Deficiency of Sulfur (S): Yellowing of new leaves, stunted growth, and reduced seed and fruit production.

Micronutrient deficiency: These vary depending on the micronutrient. For example, iron deficiency causes interveinal chlorosis. Also, zinc deficiency causes leaves to become small and distorted. 

If you see these symptoms in any plant, then you can very easily identify which nutrient is lacking in that plant. Once the symptoms are known, you can easily find the treatment accordingly.

Today we are going to give you detailed information related to linseed crop. It is the sixth largest oilseed crop in the world. Seeing the benefits of flaxseed, the interest of farmers towards its cultivation is continuously increasing. Linseed is an important Rabi oilseed crop in India as well as a major source of oil and fiber. Linseed is cultivated in approximately 2.96 lakh hectares of land in India, which is 15 percent of the total area of ​​the world. In terms of linseed area, India ranks second in the world. At the same time, it ranks third in production and eighth in yield per hectare. For your information, let us tell you that this is the most important industrial oilseed crop of India. Its production also varies depending on different varieties of flaxseed. From this crop, 10 to 15 quintal production can be achieved per hectare of field. Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra are the major flax producing states. In India, flaxseed is mainly produced in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Bihar. Every part of flaxseed can be used in different forms, directly and indirectly. The oil extracted from flax seeds is not generally used as food. It is used in manufacturing medicines.

Selection of land for linseed cultivation

If you have decided to cultivate linseed, then first of all you will have to select the field i.e. land before sowing linseed. Please note that before sowing flaxseed, get the soil and water of your field tested. Black loamy soil is considered suitable for the cultivation of linseed. This soil is more fertile. Also, while preparing the land, keep in mind that the land has an excellent drainage system. This will also provide great convenience in irrigating the crops. Besides, crop production will also increase significantly.

Suitable climate for flax cultivation

Land with normal pH value is considered suitable for flaxseed. Cultivation of flaxseed requires a cold and dry climate. Linseed is cultivated mostly in the Rabi season in India. During this period the annual rainfall is between 50 to 55 centimeters. There, flaxseed can be cultivated successfully. For better germination of flaxseed, the temperature should be 25 to 30 degree centigrade and during seed formation the temperature should be 15 to 20 degree centigrade. Linseed requires high temperature, low humidity and dry environment at mature stage. Meaning that temperate climate is considered suitable for its cultivation. 

When is linseed sown

Farmers are advised to sow flax seeds in November in irrigated areas and in the first fortnight of October in non-irrigated areas. Apart from this, for Utera cultivation, sowing should be done 7 days before harvesting of paddy. Let us tell you that the Utera method is prevalent in the areas where paddy is grown. Linseed is sown in paddy fields with the aim of making proper use of moisture in paddy cultivation. In Utera method, linseed seeds are scattered in the field 7 days before harvesting the paddy crop. Due to this, flaxseed germinates even before the paddy is harvested. This has the advantage that the linseed crop gets ripe only due to the accumulated moisture. By sowing early, linseed crops can be protected from pod fly and powdery mildew etc.

Also read: All information related to paddy crop

Major improved varieties of linseed

Improved varieties of flaxseed are developed through agricultural research. Linseedi species have been divided into two parts, for non-irrigated areas and for irrigated areas, which are grown for higher production and to suit the climate. For irrigated areas – Suyog, JLS- 23, Pusa- 2, PKDL- 41, T- 397 etc. are the main varieties. These varieties have been developed for irrigated areas. These varieties can be grown in almost both the areas. If we talk about their production, it can be 13 to 15 quintals per hectare. For non-irrigated areas - Sheetal, Rashmi, Bharda, Indira Linseed- 32, JLS- 67, JLS- 66, JLS- 73 etc. are the main varieties. These varieties have been designed for cultivation in non-irrigated areas. The average height of the plants grown in these varieties is up to 2 feet. Also, the yield can be 12 to 15 quintals per hectare. Apart from the above mentioned varieties, there are many other improved varieties of flaxseed. Like - PKDL 42, Jawahar Alsi DR 552, J. l. S. - 27, LG 185, J. l. S. - 67, PKDL 41, Jawahar Alsi - 7, RL - 933, RL 914, Jawahar 23, Pusa 2 etc.

How to do seed treatment?

Linseed is sown in two ways. Seeds can be sown first through the drill method and second through the sprinkling method. For sowing of linseed through the drill method, seeds are required at the rate of 25 to 30 kg per hectare. In this method, the distance between row to row should be 30 cm and the distance from plant to plant should be kept 5 to 7 cm. The seeds should be sown in the ground at a depth of 2 to 3 centimeters. For Utera method, the rate of 40 to 45 kg seeds per hectare is considered good for sowing linseed. Before sowing, seeds should be treated with Carbendazim at the rate of 2.5 to 3 grams per kilogram of seed. Or the seeds should be sown after treating them with 5 grams of Trichoderma viride or 5 grams of Trichoderma harzianum and 2 grams of carboxin.

Also read: linseed cultivation can help financially

Field preparation for flax cultivation

For seed germination and proper crop growth in linseed cultivation, it is necessary that the field be prepared better before sowing. After harvesting, the land should be prepared by sprinkling 8 to 10 tonnes of rotted cow dung manure in the field per hectare and plowing it 2 to 3 times with a local soil turning plow or harrow. After this, the field should be leveled by hoeing, so that the moisture in the soil remains intact.

How to add fertilizer to your field? 

While preparing the land for linseed cultivation, apply cow dung manure at the rate of 8 to 10 tonnes per hectare by mixing it well in the soil during the last plowing. Along with this, for irrigated areas, use nitrogen at the rate of 100 kg, phosphorus at the rate of 75 kg per hectare. To get the best yield for non-irrigated areas, use Nitrogen at 50 kg. Phosphorus 40 kg. And 40 kg. potash. In non-irrigated condition, the entire amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash and in irrigated condition, half the amount of nitrogen and the entire amount of phosphorus is applied 2-3 cm deep through a cloth at the time of sowing. Use below. In irrigated conditions, the remaining half quantity of nitrogen should be applied as top dressing after the first irrigation.

How can farmers protect their linseed crops from diseases and pests?

In the cultivation of linseed, Alternaria blight, rust or ocher, uktha and bukni diseases occur. To prevent these diseases, spray Mancozeb in the crop at the rate of 2.5 kg per hectare 40 to 50 days after sowing. Spraying should be done at an interval of every 15 days, so that the disease does not occur. To prevent rust or ochre, soluble sulfur should be sprayed at the rate of 3 kg per hectare.

Also read: Helpline number for crop disease and pest infections

The linseed crop is infested by various types of insects like pod fly, caterpillar etc. Its adult insects are like small flies of dark orange color. These insects lay their eggs in the petals of flowers, due to which the flowers are unable to produce seeds in the plant. This insect affects production up to 70 percent. To prevent this, Monocrotophos 36 EC, 750 ml or Quinalphos 1.5 liters should be mixed in 900 to 1000 liters of water and sprayed per hectare.

How is linseed oil used in different ways?

Linseed is one of the important industrial oilseed crops of India. In India, linseed crop is produced for commercial purposes. It is cultivated as a fiber crop. The amount of oil in flax seeds is very high. But, its oil is not used for food but for making medicines. Apart from preparing varnishes, lubricants, paints, its oil is also used in preparing inks and ink pads for printing presses. M.P. In the Bundelkhand region of India, its oil is used for cooking, making soap and lighting lamps. Flax seeds are used as a poultice in boils and pimples. High quality fiber is obtained from flax stems. Besides, linen is also manufactured from fiber. Linseed cake is used as animal feed for milk-yielding animals. At the same time, due to the sufficient quantity of various plant nutrients in the cake cake, it is used as fertilizer.

Consuming flaxseed provides relief in many diseases.

Consuming flaxseed is very beneficial for health. Its seeds and its oil are beneficial in the prevention of many diseases. Linseed is the sixth largest oilseed crop in the world. It contains about 33 to 45 percent oil and 24 percent crude protein, making it a miraculous diet. Two essential fatty acids are found in it, alpha-linolenic acid and linolenic acid. If flaxseed is consumed regularly, many types of diseases like cancer, TB, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, constipation, joint pain etc. can be avoided. It increases the amount of good cholesterol in our body and is helpful in reducing the amount of triglyceride cholesterol. It prevents blood clots from forming in the arteries of our heart and also protects us from diseases like heart attack and stroke. It is antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-cancer. Flaxseed contains about 28 percent fiber and it proves to be very beneficial for constipation patients.

Things to keep in mind during harvesting

Linseed crop is ready about 100 to 120 days after sowing. It should be harvested only when the linseed crop is completely dry and ripe. Threshing should be done soon after harvesting the crop. This will not cause much harm to its seeds. When linseed crop is cultivated using the above method, the production of different varieties varies. In first seed purpose irrigated condition, 12 to 15 quintals per hectare and in non-irrigated condition, 10 to 12 quintals per hectare and in two-purpose cumulated and non-irrigated condition, 20 to 23 quintals per hectare and 13 to 17 percent oil and 38 to 45 percent fiber. 

Sojat Mehndi is cultivated the most in the Pali district of Rajasthan. Small and big businessmen here are supporting their families very well by doing henna business. The Mehndi here has also received the GI tag. After getting the GI tag, the responsibilities of the businessmen here have increased a lot. They are so honest towards their business that today Sojat Mehndi has become the most trusted Mehndi brand in the whole world.

As soon as we hear the name of Mehndi, various types of designs engraved on our hands emerge in our minds. At the same time, Sojat Henna has created its own identity for red-colored henna all over the world. The trust of women in this Mehndi is so strong that it has no limits. Everyone has a dilemma regarding any other mehendi, whether it will leave a bright color after applying it to the hand or not. At the same time, if any other mehendi is leaving such a red color, then there is a dilemma as to whether any chemical has been mixed in it. But, this is not the case with Sojat Mehndi.

Also read: Big profit at low cost, earn lakhs from henna cultivation

The credibility of Sojat Mehndi is increasing day by day.

Its credibility among the people is increasing day by day. It should be known that Sojat Mehndi is cultivated the most in the Pali district of Rajasthan. Small and big traders here are supporting their families very well by doing henna business. The Mehndi here has also received the GI tag. After getting the GI tag, the responsibilities of the businessmen here have increased a lot. The businessmen there are so honest towards their business, that today Sojaat Mehndi has become the most trusted Mehndi brand in the entire world.

Also read: Asafoetida of this district of UP got GI tag, a wave of happiness ran among the farmers

Mehndi is considered an important part of women's makeup

Mehndi has its special significance in the makeup of women of every religion. In a way, we can say that without Mehndi, the makeup of women of any religion remains incomplete. The importance of Mehndi increases significantly on special occasions. Especially on auspicious occasions or during Teej festivals, in the month of Sawan, women sing Kajri with henna applied on their hands. On all these occasions, Sojat Mehndi is the first choice of women. Because, it is completely chemical-free, due to which it gives bright color to the hands. Sojat Mehndi has its color, which is natural and does not harm the skin in any way.

Women's participation in Sojat Mehndi business

For your information, let us tell you that today women's participation is increasing in every field. Nowadays, women do not trust any other mehndi as much as they do Sojat Mehndi. Today many women are running beauty parlors or applying mehndi independently at weddings. They all generally apply to Sojat Mehndi only. According to a statistic, women have an 80 percent stake in the mehndi business.

Carrots are cultivated all over India, people use carrots both raw and cooked, carrots contain Vitamin A and carotene, which are very beneficial for the body. Orange carrots are high in carotene, green carrot leaves contain many nutrients like protein, minerals, vitamins, etc. which provide nutrition to animals. Chicken fodder can be made from green carrot leaves. Carrots are grown the most in Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana.

Suitable climate for carrot cultivation.

Carrots are mostly grown in cold climates. Carrot growth slows down due to high temperatures and color changes. For this, sandy loam and loamy soil is best. Drainage of water in the soil is very important.

Also read: Agricultural scientists suggested new technology of foreign vegetable production for farmers living in hilly areas, definitely know this to earn better profits. 

Carrot Varieties

There are many varieties of carrots like Carrot No. 29, Pusa Kesar, Pusa Meghali, Selection 233, Gentney, Arliments, Emperor, Ments of Lag, Pusa Yamdagni and Gino.

Field Varieties

In preparation for the field for sowing carrots, the first plowing should be done with a soil-turning plow. After this, the field should be made friable by doing two to three plowings with a cultivator or local plow. 200 to 250 quintals of rotten cow dung should be mixed well in the land while preparing the field. By doing this, the yield of fruits is higher.

Seeds and Seed Sowing.

To cultivate carrots, seeds of improved varieties should be selected. In carrot farming, 5 to 6 kg seeds are required per hectare for sowing on ridges. Before sowing, it should be treated with 2.5 grams of Thiram per kg of seeds. Carrots are sown from August to October in Northern India. European varieties are sown in November. In hilly areas, sowing is done from March to June. It should be sown on lines or in ridges at a distance of 35 to 45 cm. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1.5 to 2 cm, the height of the ridges should be kept at 20 to 25 cm and the distance from plant to plant should be kept at 4 to 5 cm. 

Manure and Fertilizer management in crops.

200 to 250 quintals of rotten cow dung should be given while preparing the field and 50 kg nitrogen, 40 kg phosphorus, and 45 kg potash should be given as elements per hectare. Half the quantity of nitrogen and the full quantity of phosphorus and potash should be given before sowing. The remaining half quantity of nitrogen is given to the standing crop twice. 1/4 quantity of nitrogen should be given initially at the time of growth of leaves and 1/4 quantity of nitrogen should be given at the time of growth of roots.

Also read: Detailed information about important works related to carrot cultivation

Crop Irrigation Management.

After sowing, first irrigation should be done in the drain so that moisture remains in the ridges. Later irrigation should be done at an interval of 8 to 10 days. In summer, irrigation should be done at an interval of 4 to 5 days. The field should never dry up, otherwise the yield reduces.

Weed Control.

2 to 3 weeding should be done in the entire crop, at the same time thinning should be done and a distance of 4 to 5 cm should be maintained from the plants. To control weeds, a 3.5-liter stamp should be sprayed in the field immediately after sowing, while there should be sufficient moisture in the field. 

Also read: Carrot root disease and its remedies

Carrot and digging production.

Only when the roots of a carrot become edible, it should be dug with a trowel so that the roots are not cut and the quality remains good so that it can get a good price in the market. It should be cleaned and sold in the market. The yield of roots in carrots depends on the variety, such as the Asiatic type yields 250 to 300 quintals per hectare and the European type yields 100 to 150 quintals per hectare. 

Chillies are very good for eating. Capsaicin chemical makes it very spicy, that is why it is used in many spices. Chillies are used in making sauce, pickles and medicines. Chillies contain adequate amounts of vitamin A, C, phosphorus and calcium. Chilli is a cash product which can be grown in any climate. By producing chillies, farmers can gain a good profit. To cultivate chillies, loamy and Sandy soil with better water channels are required, which contains high carbon content. Soils with salts and alkalis are not good for it. Farms should be prepared by ploughing 3-4 times. 1.25 to 1.50 kg of seeds are required to cultivate per hectare of land.

Seeding of chilli plants 

Let you know that per bed, mix 50 grams of forate and rotten cow dung. Treat seeds with 2 grams of Agrosan GN, thiram or the captain chemical per kilogram. Sow seeds in a queue at a distance of one inch and cover them with soil and manure. Top should be covered with straw and weeds. After the germination of seeds, weeds should be removed. Chilli plants can be sown in 25 to 35 days. Chillies should always be sown at night. During sowing, there should be a gap of 45 cm between plants and queues. Green chilli starts giving fruits in  85-95 days. Dry Red chilli should be plucked after 140-150 days when chillies become red.

Read this also:  farmers can soon earn good profit by cultivating chillies, this will be the expense

Amount of fertiliser and manure in farm

Per hectare needs 200 quintal cow dung and compost, 100 quintal nitrogen, 50 quintal phosphorus and 60 quintal potash. Before sowing, whole part of phosphorus should be given with half part nitrogen in compost. After that, the remaining amount should be given 2 times. If it rains less, then irrigation should be done in a time interval of 10 to 15 days. Crops should be irrigated after the arrival of fruits and flowers. If not irrigated, flowers and fruits become weak and small.  Plants should be kept free from weeds to achieve better production.

These top 5 varieties of Fenugreek, Pusa kasoori, R.M.T 305, Rajendra Kranti, A.F.G 2 and Hisaar Sonali give productivity upto 6 quintals per acre in less duration to farmers. The price of these varieties is also very high in the market. Fenugreek is a leafy crop and almost all the farmers of India are earning heavy profit by producing this crop in their fields. Actually, Fenugreek is very beneficial for our body. Because it contains dissolved protein and many micro vitamins. That's why their demand in the market is very high. In this scenario, if you cultivate these top varieties of Fenugreek, then you also can get awesome produce in very less time. These top 5 varieties of Fenugreek Pusa kasoori, R.M.T 305, Rajendra Kranti, A.F.G 2 and Hisaar Sonali are capable of producing 6 quintals per acre. 

Top 5 varieties of Fenugreek are listed below 

The Rajendra Kranti variety of fenugreek 

Farmers can earn a produce of almost 5 quintals from Rajendra Kranti variety of Fenugreek. This variety of fenugreek ripes in  around 120 days.