रबी

Mustard crops get affected by various diseases. Due to which farmers get less yield. White rust disease causes too much damage to crops.Today in this article we will give you information about prevention of white rust so that you can control this disease in time. 

Some important instruction to prevent white rust in mustard crop are given below : 

Sowing correct seeds :

First of all you have to be cautious about selecting healthy seeds which are free from diseases for sowing the crop. By selecting the healthy seeds, disease will not be there in the crop. 

Sowing crops on time : 

Sowing of mustard should be done on time so that chances of disease in crops will be less. Late sowed crops have more chances of catching diseases. Many times this disease becomes more frequent due to which the half of the yield is reduced to half.

Proper water irrigation : 

Manage water irrigation properly so that water does not accumulate on plants, which will reduce the chances of white rust. The disease becomes more common in crops due to excess moisture. 

Use of appropriate fungicides : 

Use appropriate fungicides for prevention of white rust in mustard. Consult an agronomist and choose safe pesticides.

Caring of crop : 

For taking care of crops, take care of plants from time to time and from the roots. 

Remove affected plants : 

If there are any signs of white rust on any of the plants, uproot them immediately and bury them in the soil to avoid any further spread of the disease. 

Use appropriate technical methods, like managing irrigation and nutrition based on the local conditions, climate and weather conditions. By following the steps, white rust in mustard crops can be prevented. Keep in mind that it is always best to consult the local agricultural department or agronomist to ensure that you have information on control measures best for your area. 

Peas are sown by farmers in the Rabi season from October. Today we are going to give you information about some of its major advanced varieties. Farmers can sow the varieties of peas prepared in a short period of time from the last week of September to October. With its cultivation, farmers can double their income. Let us explain that these are the major crops of Kashi Nandini, Kashi Mukti, Kashi Uday and Kashi early crops. Their speciality is that they are cooked and ready during 50 to 60 days. This makes the field empty quickly. After this, farmers can easily sow other crops. Farmers can sow pea species prepared in a short period of time from the last week of September to October.

Advanced variety of peas
Advanced variety of peas Kashi Nandini

This variety was developed in the year 2005. It is cultivated in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Punjab. With this, an average of 110 to 120 quintals can be produced per hectare.

Also read: Detailed information about important aspects related to pea cultivation

Advanced variety of peas Kashi liberation

This variety is mainly considered favourable for Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Bihar. For your information, let us  tell you that it can lead to 115 quintals per hectare. Its legumes and grains are quite large. The main thing is that there is a lot of demand abroad.

Advanced variety of peas Kashi early

This variety is cooked in a 50 -day time period.Its beans are straight and deep. The length of its plants ranges from 58 to 61 cm. Its 1 plant can cost 9 to 10 legumes. This can lead to yield of 95 to 100 quintals per hectare.

Also read: let's know how to sow peas and take  care of them

Advanced variety of peas Kashi rise

For your information, let us tell you that this species was prepared in the year 2005. Its specialty is that the length of its pod is 9 to 10 centimetres. It is mainly cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand. This can provide yield of up to 105 quintals per hectare. For your information, let us tell you that by its cultivation, farmers can double their income. Kashi Mukti, Kashi Udaya, Kashi Aghati and Kashi Nandini are prominent among them. Their special thing is that it is ready within 50 to 60 days. This makes the field empty quickly. After this, farmers can easily sow other crops.

Even before the Lok Sabha elections, the Central Government can give a big gift to the farmers. It is being said that the government may soon approve increasing the MSP of various crops including wheat. It can also increase the SMSP of wheat by 10 percent.

Before the Lok Sabha elections, the Central Government is likely to give a big gift to the farmers. It is being said that Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government may increase the minimum support price of Rabi crops. Crores of farmers of the country will benefit greatly from this. According to sources, the central government can increase the MSP of wheat by Rs 150 to Rs 175 per quintal. This will especially benefit the farmers of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar and Punjab. Wheat is cultivated the most in all these states.

The central government will increase the MSP of wheat by 3 to 10 percent next year.

According to media reports, the central government may increase the MSP of wheat by 3 percent to 10 percent for the coming year. If the central government does this, then the minimum support price of wheat can reach Rs 2300 per quintal. However, currently, the MSP of wheat is Rs 2125 per quintal. Apart from this, the government can also increase the MSP of lentils by up to 10 percent.

Also read: Government increased MSP on these 6 Rabi crops including wheat, know what are the new rates?

This decision will be taken for the marketing season 2024- 25

For your information, let us tell you that the MSP of mustard and sunflower can be increased by 5 to 7 percent. It is expected that in the coming week, the Central Government may approve to increase in the MSP of Rabi, pulses, and oilseed crops. The main thing is that the decision to increase the MSP will be taken for the marketing season 2024-25.

A total of 23 crops have been included in MSP.

For your information, let us tell you that the Center determines the Minimum Support Price on the recommendation of the Agricultural Costs and Prices Commission. 23 crops have been included in MSP. 7 cereals, 5 pulses, 7 oilseeds, and four cash crops are also included. Generally Rabi crop is sown between October and December. Also, it is harvested between February, March and April.

Know how many crops are included in MSP

Cereals- Wheat, Paddy, Bajra, Maize, Jowar, Ragi and Jo

Pulses- gram, moong, lentils, pigeon pea, urad,

Oilseeds- Mustard, Soybean, Sesame, Safflower, Groundnut, Sunflower, Nigerseed

Cash- Sugarcane, cotton, copra and raw jute

Maharashtra is a major onion producing state of India. Here production of onions is done on a large scale. Here, onions are cultivated three times a year. Nashik, Pune, Solapur, Dhule and Ahmednagar are considered strongholds in the state for onion production. At present, Rabi season onion planting has started in Maharashtra. Farmers cultivate maximum onion in the state and here Asia’s largest onion market is in Lasalgaon, Nashik. Generally, cultivation of onions is done only once a year in different states. But it is nothing like here in Maharashtra. Three crops are done during a year in the state. Here it is produced in Kharif, post-Kharif and in Rabi season. Onions are a cash crop in Maharashtra. A majority of farmers here depend on its cultivation. Farmers get maximum production of onion in the Rabi season. 

When is the sowing of the second season of onion done?

The second season of  onion is sown in the month of october-november , which is currently being done in the state. It gets ready in between January and march. The third crop of onion is Rabi, which is sown in December-January. At the same time, it is harvested from March to May. 60 percent of total production of onion in the state occurs in Rabi season only. 

Onion is produced in large quantities in these districts of Maharashtra.  

Onion is cultivated most in Jalgaon, Dhule, Ahmednagar, Satara, Nashik, Pune and Solapur districts of Maharashtra. At the same time, farmers cultivate this crop in Marathwada district of Maharashtra. Nashik is famous for producing onions not only in Maharashtra but all over India. Out of its total production in India, 37 percent of onion is produced in Maharashtra and 10 percent of the onion production in the state is done only in Nashik.

What should be the soil for onion cultivation?

According to agricultural scientists, onions can be cultivated in different types of soil. But, excellent yield is obtained only in soils like clay, sand, loamy, gar and brown soil. To get high yield in onion cultivation, there should be good drainage facilities in the field.

What type of land should it be?

To prepare for the cultivation , first plowing of the land should be done three to four times. Also, add rotten manure to increase the amount of organic matter in the soil. After this, divide the field into small plots. Planting should be done on a 1.2 meter wide strip at a height of 15 cm from the land surface. 

How much fertilizers should be used?

Onion crop requires a large amount of nutrients. Manure and fertilizer should be used in onion crops on the basis of soil test. Rotten cow dung manure should be used in the field at the rate of 20-25 tonnes per hectare from one-two months before planting.

Great onion varieties and pruning time.

Bhima Shweta: This variety of white onion is already approved for Rabi season, this variety gives an average yield of 18-20 tonnes in Kharif while it gives an average yield of 26-30 tonnes in Rabi.

Bhima Super: This red onion variety has been identified for production in the Kharif season. It can also be grown as a late crop in the Kharif season. This variety gets ripe in a time interval of 95-100 days. Its production is approximately 20-22 tonnes per hectare.

Talking about the right time to prune onions, the right time to remove onions from the fields is when the moisture in the plant gets exhausted and its bulb starts coming up almost on its own.

Farmers can complete the process given here to take advantage of the Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme. Here the necessary documents have been told, with the help of which farmers can benefit from the scheme.

A lot of schemes are being run by the government, from which farmers are benefiting greatly. One of these schemes is named after the Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme (PMFBY). Through this scheme, farmers are provided insurance cover against damage to standing crops. The premium of insurance cover for rabi crops under the scheme is 1.5% percent. Also, the government provides a 50% percent grant, which means that farmers have to pay only a 0.75% percent premium. Currently crop insurance week is going on. Farmers should insure crops quickly to take cover.

Let's Know which damage is covered in it

Dry

flood

Hailstorm

hurricane

Insect

Diseases

What will be the benefit that farmers can get 

Under this, financial security is provided to farmers against the loss of standing crops. Also, it helps farmers to maintain their income and continue farming. In addition, it helps in making farmers self -sufficient.

Necessary documents for crop insurance

Crop Insurance Application Form

Crop sowing certificate

Farm map

Copy of farm measles or B-1

Aadhar card

Bank account details or passbook

Passport Size Photo

What is the process of application

Step 1: First candidate should visit the official website of Pradhan Mantri Crop Insurance Scheme https://pmfby.gov.in/.

Step 2: After this, candidates should register on the home page.

Step 3: Then after completing the registration of the farmer brother, it is to choose the option of Apply as a farmer.

Step 4: After this an online form will be found, where all the information sought will have to be filled properly.

Step 5: Now perform a preview after filling the form, so that the mistakes can be detected.

Step 6: Then the form is filled properly, then attach the document and submit it.

According to new report of NCRB, there has been a incline in Suicide cases of people involved in agricultural sector. According to the latest news of National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), a consistent incline in deaths of farmers and agricultural people because of suicides in year 2022. According to latest updates,  National Crime Records Bureau ( NCRB) figures show that almost 11,290 suicide cases are seen last year in the country. 

For your reference, there has been an increase of 3.7 percent in 2021. 10,281 deaths were registered during this period. An increase of 5.7 percent is seen as compared to 2020. According to 2022 figures, at least one farmer died every hour in India. Along with this, this increase in suicide of farmers can be observed since 2019, when 10,281 deaths were registered in NCRB data. News says, recent years were not proven to be awesome for agriculture in India. There has been unexpected rain and drought conditions in many cities, due to which standing crops have been devastated. Whereas, prices of fodder are also reaching heights. 

How many people from agricultural sector attempted suicide 

According to report, 53 percent (6,083) farmers are labour as compared to 11,290 people who attempted suicide and were involved in farming. In recent years, the dependency of requirements of crop production for the personal income of an average farmer family is increasing on wages earned from farming. In year 2022,  4,999 people of 5,207 suicide attempts were male farmers, and 208 females were also involved.

No suicides in these states 

In 6,083 farmers involved in suicide, 5,472 were males and 611 females are involved. 4,248 cases in Maharashtra, 2,392 cases in Karnataka, 917 in Andhra farmers reported suicide. According to reports, there has been no farmers suicide registered in the states of Uttrakhand, Goa, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Chandigarh, West Bengal, odisha, Bihar, lakshdweep and puducherry.

Pusa agricultural scientists have put an advisory for the farming of wheat in rabi season. In which they pointed out that those farmers with 21-25 days wheat crops should go with first irrigation within the upcoming 5 days.  After 3-4 days of irrigation, second fertilisers should be put in. According to agricultural scientists, considering the temperature, farmers are advised to sow the late wheat crops as soon as possible. Sowing rates to be kept 125 kilograms of seeds per hectare. It's advanced species are HD 3059, HD 3237, HD 3271, HD 3369, HD 3117, WR 544 and PBW 373.

Must do seed treatment 

Before sowing seeds should be treated with bavistin @1.0 gram or thiram @2.0 gram per hectare. For your knowledge, in farms infected with termites, chlorpyrifos (20 ec) @5.0 litres per hectare should be spread with paleva or in dry farms. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilisers to be kept is 80, 40 and 40 kilograms per hectare. 

Rarefaction of mustard crops must be done on priority.

Weed control and rarefaction should be done in lately sown mustard crops. Considering fall in average temperature, mustard crops should specially be taken care of for white rust disease. Rotten/fermented dung and potash fertilisers must be used before sowing onion crops in prepared farms in this season. Potatoes and tomatoes are more prone to blight disease because of heavy moisture in the air. That's why, look carefully for crops. In case of symptoms, spray 2gram dithane-M-45 in per litre of Water. 

Farmers should check regularly for leaf feeding insects 

For your interest, farmers who have prepared a nursery of tomato, cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. They can show their plants considering the weather. Cauliflower and cabbage family plants should specially be taken care of leaf feeding insects. If they are in large numbers, then spray BT @1 gram per litre of water or sponosade medicine @1.0 ml per 3 litres of water. In this weather, farmers must get rid of weeds with the help of weeding-hoeing practice. Vegetable crops should be irrigated and then fertilisers should be put in.

How farmers should manage stubble remains 

Farmers are advised not to burn the remains (stubble) of kharif crops(paddy). This results in polluting the environment too much. The smog produced by this does not allow complete sunlight to reach crops and farms. It affects the photosynthesis and evaporation in plants which leads to low food production in plants. It also affects the amount of produce and quality of produce. Farmers are advised to mix or dig the remaining paddy stubble in soil, it increases the fertility of soil.

The effect of insects on crops can be seen even during winter. In such a situation, the farmer will have to take special care of some important things.  Some farmers believe that insects do not occur inside crops during winter. However, the truth is that even in the winter season, your crop can be attacked by insects. To conserve the fruit from insects, you have to take care of some important things. According to experts, the problem of pests in crops during winter is a common thing. At this time the temperature is low, the incidence of this insects decreases. However, they do not end completely. Some insects can cause a lot of damage to the crop even in winter, due to which farmers should take care of some special things for protection.

Farmers should do farming under the supervision of agricultural experts

During the winter season, farmers should monitor the crops regularly. Pay special attention to the initial symptoms of insects. Also, do necessary work for the control pests. If insects are planted in the standing crop in your fields, use the required pesticides at the appropriate time. Sprinkle them in appropriate quantities, for which farmers can take help from agricultural experts.

Also read: Major diseases and diseases manage in mustard crop

What can farmers spray ?

Experts say that crops may be caused by changes in weather. Farmers can spray the trichoderma, Harjonium medicine to get convenience from  insects. Insects can affect the yield of crops. This challenge can be overcome by spraying pesticides on the crop. The winter season in India lasts from October to March. This temperature is very favourable for rabi crops. The main crops of the Rabi season are millet, peas, mustard, tomatoes, wheat, barley and gram etc.

Trichoderma's miraculous benefits in agriculture and horticulture

Trichoderma is a species of fungi that is continuously playing an important role in agriculture and horticulture due to its diverse beneficial effects on plants. This versatile group of fungi is becoming very rapidly popular for its mycoparitic, biocontrol and properties promoting plant growth.

1. Mycoparasitic Capabilities

Trichoderma species are skillful mycoparasites, which means they parasitize and control the development of other fungi. This characteristic is particularly valuable in agriculture, where pathogens produced by soil cause significant damage to the crop. The same species of Trichoderma actively attack and inhibit their growth by competing with nutrients and harmful fungi to the location.

Also read: Mustard crop disease and prevention measures

2. Biocontrol agent

Trichoderma serves as a natural biocontrol agent against a wide range of pathogens of plants, including the species of fusarium, rhizoctonia and pythium. Trichoderma establishes a protective barrier, which prevents pathogenic fungi from infecting the roots of plants. This bio -control mechanism reduces the need for synthetic chemical fungicide, promotes durable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

 3. Inclusion of the protection mechanism of plants

Trichoderma induces the plant's own defence mechanism, increasing its immunity to diseases. Fungi stimulates the production of various defence-related compounds, such as phytoalexins and pathogenesis, proteins in plants. This systemic resistance helps crops to withstand infection and stress, which contributes to the overall health of plants.

4. Nutrient solubility

Some species of  Trichoderma display the ability to solve essential nutrients such as phosphorus, iron zinc as well as other micronutrients such as other micronutrients, making them more available to plants. This nutrient solubility increases the growth and development of plants, especially in the decreased soil, and reduces the requirement of synthetic fertilisers.

Also read: Why is the government's fertiliser subsidy bill increasing?

5. Advanced root development

Trichoderma promotes root growth and branches by producing substances that promote oxin and other plants. Better root systems result in better nutrients and water eclipses, which increases the strength and overall crop productivity of the plants.

6. Stress Tolerance

Trichoderma helps plants to deal with various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity and excessive temperature. The symbiotic relationship between Trichoderma and plants can increase the ability to adapt and survive in the challenging conditions of the plants, eventually producing more flexible crops.

7. Bio -degradation of organic matter

 Trichoderma species contribute to the dissolution of organic matter in the soil. They secrete enzymes that facilitate the decomposition of organic residues, making the nutrients back into the soil. This recycling process improves soil composition and fertility, creating a favourable environment for the growth of plants.

Also read: Use organic manure and increase crop yield, farmers here are taking full benefits

8. Professional use

Trichoderma-based bio-fungal and bio-fertilizers have gained popularity in the agricultural industry. These commercial products containing live trichoderma inoculants are planted on seeds, soil or plant surfaces to provide various benefits above. Farmers are increasingly integrating these biological agents into their crop management practices to promote sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture.

9. Biological control of nematodes

Some Trichoderma strains display anti-activity against plant-parasitic nematodes. This bio -control capacity is valuable in the management of nematode infections, which is harmful to crop health.

10. Seed Treatment

Trichoderma-based formulation is used to protect seed treatment, protect seeds from soil-related pathogens and promote seedling installation. These preventive measures contribute to making crops healthy from the initial phase of development.

Summary

The versatile advantages of Trichoderma in agriculture and gardening arise from its mycopo -suitable capabilities, bio -control mechanisms, plant defence reactions, nutrient solutions, promoting root growth, increasing stress tolerance and contributing to organic matter decomposition. As the agricultural sector continues to adopt durable practices, the use of Trichoderma-based products is playing an important role in promoting plant health, reducing chemical inputs and ensuring food security.